Atanasi wa Aleksandria

Picha ya Atanasi wa Aleksandria, Askofu mkuu (Patriarki) wa Aleksandria na mtetezi mkuu wa umungu wa Yesu Kristo.

Patakatifu pa Atanasi (panapotunza masalia yake) chini ya kanisa kuu la Marko mtakatifu huko Kairo (Misri).

Atanasi wa Aleksandria anayeitwa Mkuu (295 hivi - 2 Mei 373) alikuwa Patriarki wa Kanisa Katoliki la madhehebu ya Misri aliyetetea imani ya Kanisa kati ya mitaguso ya kiekumene ya kwanza.

Anaheshimiwa na Wakatoliki, Waorthodoksi na Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki kama mtakatifu na babu wa Kanisa. Anakumbukwa pia katika kalenda ya Waanglikana na Walutheri. Wakatoliki walimuongezea sifa ya mwalimu wa Kanisa.

Wote wanaadhimisha sikukuu yake kila tarehe 2 Mei.

Maisha

Atanasi alizaliwa Aleksandria wa Misri mwishoni mwa karne III, wakati dhuluma za Dola la Roma dhidi ya Wakristo zilizuwa zikielekea kilele na kikomo chake.

Alikulia katika jiji hilo, ambalo wakati huo lilikuwa likiongoza kimataifa upande wa ustaarabu na elimu.

Upande wa dini, Wakristo wa Misri walikuwa na chuo muhimu, lakini kulikuwa pia na wafuasi wengi wa Gnosis na wa dini za jadi zilizoabudu miungu mingi.

Maisha yote ya Atanasi yanahusika na juhudi kubwa za Kanisa Katoliki kwa ajili ya kufafanua na kutetea imani sahihi juu ya Yesu na juu ya Utatu.

Akiwa bado shemasi alimsindikiza askofu wake Aleksanda wa Aleksandria kwenye Mtaguso wa kwanza wa Nisea mwaka 325 ulioitishwa na kaisari Konstantino Mkuu kujadili mafundisho ya padri wa Aleksandria, jina lake Arios, kuhusu dhati ya Yesu Kristo.

Dhidi ya Arios, huo Mtaguso mkuu wa kwanza ulitumia neno la Kigiriki ὁμοούσιος (homoousios, yaani "wa dhati ileile"), ili kukiri kwa namna wazi usawa kamili wa Mungu Baba na Mwana aliyezaliwa naye bila ya kuumbwa.

Akishikilia msimamo huo moja kwa moja Atanasi alipaswa kustahimili dhuluma za serikali, hata akafukuzwa katika jimbo lake mara tano na kupelekwa uhamishoni tangu miaka michache baada ya kuchaguliwa Patriarki wa Aleksandria na wa Misri yote mwaka 328 (alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 30 tu) hadi mwaka 362.

Maandishi

• Dhidi ya Wapagani
• Neno aliyefanyika mwili
• Kumshusha Ario
• Luka 10:22
• Waraka
• Utetezi dhidi ya Waario
• De Decretis
• De Sententia Dionysii
• Vita S. Antonii
• Ad Episcopus Aegypti et Libyae
• Apologia ad Constantium
• Apologia de Fuga sua
• Historia Arianorum
• Hotuba 4 dhidi ya Waario
• De Synodis
• Tomus ad Antiochenos
• Ad Afros Epistola Synodica
• Historia Acephala
• Barua

Vyanzo

• Arnold, Duane W.-H., 1991 The Early Episcopal Career of Athanasius of Alexandria
• Alexander of Alexandria "Catholic Epistle", The Ecole Initiative, http://ecole.evansville.edu/arians/alex1.htm
• Arius, “Arius’ letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia” from Theodoret’s, Ecclesiastical History, ser. 2, vol. 3, 41, The Ecole Initiative, http://ecole.evansville.edu/arians/arius1.htm
• Arius, Heresy and Tradition; Rowan Williams, 1987, SCM Press, ISBN 0-334-02850-7.
• Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
• Barnes, Timothy D., Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993).
• Barnes, Timothy D., Constantine and Eusebius (Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press, 1981)
• Brakke, David, 1995. Athanasius and the Politics of Asceticism
• Clifford, Cornelius, 1930, Catholic Encyclipedia, Volume 2, "Athanasius", Pgs: 35-40
• Chadwick, Henry, “Faith and Order at the Council of Nicaea”, Harvard Theological Review LIII (Cambridge Mass: 1960), 171-195.
• Endsjø, Dag Øistein 2008. Primordial landscapes, incorruptible bodies. Desert asceticism and the Christian appropriation of Greek ideas on geography, bodies, and immortality. New York: Peter Lang 2008
• Ernest, James D., The Bible in Athanasius of Alexandria (Leiden: Brill, 2004).
• Haas, Christopher “The Arians of Alexandria”, Vigiliae Christianae Vol. 47, no. 3 (1993), 234-245.
• Hanson, R.P.C., The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy, 318-381 (T.&T. Clark 1988)
• Kannengiesser, Charles, “Alexander and Arius of Alexandria: The last Ante-Nicene theologians”, Miscelanea En Homenaje Al P. Antonio Orbe Compostellanum Vol. XXXV, no. 1-2. (Santiago de Compostela, 1990), 391-403.
• Kannengiesser, Charles “Athanasius of Alexandria vs. Arius: The Alexandrian Crisis”, in The Roots of Egyptian Christianity (Studies in Antiquity and Christianity), ed. Birger A. Pearson and James E. Goehring (1986), 204-215.
• Ng, Nathan K. K., 2001 The Spirituality of Athanasius
• Rubenstein, Richard E., When Jesus Became God: The Epic Fight over Christ’s Divinity in the Last Days of Rome (New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1999).
• Williams, Rowan: "Arius, Heresy and Tradition": (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1987).

Viungo vya nje

• Maandishi yake yote katika Patrologia Graeca ya Migne, pamoja na faharasa na tafsiri mbalimbali (EN, GR, LA, ES, RU)
• Saint Athanasius by F. A. Forbes
• The Coptic Synexarion commemorating the departure of St. Athanasius the Apostolic (7 Bashans, 89 A.M.)
• Timeline of Athanasius' life, detailing his 5 exiles. Reworked from Robinson, below.
• Athanasius Bibliography from University of Erlangen (German)
• Archibald Robinson, Athanasius: Select Letters and Works (Edinburgh 1885)
• The so-called Athanasian Creed (not written by Athanasius, see Athanasian Creed above)
• Athanasius Select Resources, Bilingual Anthology (in Greek original and English)
• Two audio lectures about Athanasius on the Deity of Christ, Dr N Needham
• Concorida Cyclopedia: Athanasius
• Christian Cyclopedia: Athanasius
• Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes
• St Athanasius the Great the Archbishop of Alexandria Orthodox icon and synaxarion
• English Key to Athanasius Werke
• The Writings of Athanasius in Chronological Order

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