Gregori wa Nazianzo

Gregori wa Nazianzo katika mavazi ya Askofu.

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Gregori wa Nazianzo (329-390) alikuwa askofu, mwanateolojia na mwanashairi maarufu kutoka nchi ambayo leo inaitwa Uturuki.

Anaheshimiwa na Kanisa Katoliki, Waorthodoksi na Waanglikana kama mtakatifu. Kwa Wakatoliki ni pia mmojawapo kati ya mababu wa Kanisa muhimu zaidi na (tangu 1568) mwalimu wa Kanisa.

Sikukuu yake inaadhimishwa mwezi Januari tarehe 2, 25 au 30, kadiri ya madhehebu.

Maisha

Mchoro wa Andrei Rublev, Gregory the Theologian (1408), kwenye kanisa kuu la Bikira Maria Kulala, huko Vladimir (Urusi).

Alizaliwa Arianzo, kijiji karibu na Nazianzo, leo Güzelyurt katika Kapadokia. Baba yake aliitwa Gregori mzee na mama yake Nonna.

Baba, aliyekuwa Myahudi, aliongokea Ukristo kwa msaada wa mke wake na hatimaye akawa askofu wa Nazianzo.

Gregori, aliyezaliwa miaka 4 baada ya mtaguso wa kwanza wa Nisea uliolaani uzushi wa Arios, aliathiriwa na mapambano ya kiimani maisha yake yote.

Alisoma kwanza huko Kaisarea ya Kapadokia, alipofunga urafiki na Basili Mkuu, halafu Kaisarea ya Palestina, Aleksandria ya Misri na hatimaye (350 - 358) huko Athens.

Baada ya kujiunga na Basili kwenye monasteri ya Annisoi, katika mkoa wa Ponto, alirudi nyumbani alipotarajia kuishi upwekeni zaidi. Kumbe mwaka 361 baba yake alimpa upadrisho. Kwanza alikimbia, lakini baadaye alikubali.

Mwaka 372 Basili, akiwa askofu mkuu wa Kaisarea ya Kapadokia, alimteua kuwa askofu wa Sasima. Kutokana na upinzani wa kaisari, Gregori hakuweza kwenda kamwe, lakini alipofiwa baba yake alirudi Nazianzo, aongoze kanisa la huko.

Mwaka 379, Theodosius I alipotawazwa kama kaisari huko Konstantinopoli, alimuita Gregori aongoze Wakristo wa huko walioshika Kanuni ya imani ya Nisea.

Jijini huko alitoa hotuba tano zilizomstahilia jina la "Mwanateolojia". Mwenyewe alieleza kuwa "Teolojia" si "teknolojia", yaani haitegemei hoja za binadamu, bali inatokana na maisha ya sala.

Mwaka 380 Theodosius I alimtawaza Patriarki wa Konstantinopoli na kuhakikisha kwamba atambuliwe hivyo na Mtaguso wa kwanza wa Konstantinopoli mnamo Mei 381.

Majadiliano katika huo mtaguso mkuu yalikuwa makali hata dhidi yake, kwa sababu alitetea umungu wa Yesu Kristo. Hatimaye, akikiri hawezi kusuluhisha, aliacha mtaguso mnamo Mei 381.

Mwishoni mwa mwaka 382 akawa askofu wa Nazianzo lakini, baada ya mwaka mmoja, alirudi upwekeni Arianzo, alipofariki mwaka 390.

Maandishi

Kaburi la Gregori katika Basilika la Mt. Petro huko Vatikano

• Hotuba za kiliturujia.
• Hotuba mbalimbali
• Hotuba za kiteolojia
• Barua 245

Vyanzo

• Børtnes, Jostein; Tomas Hägg (2006). Gregory of Nazianzus: Images and Reflections. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-635-0386-7. 
• "St. Gregory of Nazianzus" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.
• McGuckin, John A. St. Gregory of Nazianzus: An Intellectual Biography. Crestwood, NY: 2001, St. Vladimir's Seminar Press. ISBN 0-88141-222-8
• Migne, J.P. (General Editor). Cursus Completus Patrologiae Graecae. Volumes 35–38. Paris: 1857–66.
• The Orthodox Church of America website article on St. Gregory the Theologian. Retrieved May 2, 2007.
• Ruether, Rosemary Radford. Gregory of Nazianzus. Oxford: 1969, Oxford University Press.
• Turner, H.E.W. and Francis Young, "Procession(s)" in The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology, ed. A. Richardson & J. Bowden. Philadelphia: 1983, Westminster Press, 1983.
• Michael Azkoul, "St. Gregory the Theologian: Poetry and Faith," Patristic and Byzantine Review 14.1–3 (1995): 59–68.
• Brian Daley, ed., Gregory Nazianzen. Early Church Fathers. London: Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd., 2005. ISBN 0-415-12181-7. pp. 192.
• K. Demoen, "Biblical vs. Non-Biblical Vocabulary in Gregorius Nazianzenus; a Quantitative Approach," Informatique 2 (1988–89): 243–53.
• J. Egan, "Gregory of Nazianzus and the Logos Doctrine," J. Plevnic, ed., Word and Spirit: Essays in Honor of David Michael Stanley. Willowdale, ON: 1975. pp. 281–322.
• Anna-Stina Ellverson, The Dual Nature of Man: A Study in the Theological Anthropology of Gregory of Nazianzus. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1981. ISBN 91-554-1206-8. {Amazon.com}
• Gerald Fitzpatrick, "St Gregory Nazianzen: Education for Salvation," Patristic and Byzantine Review 10.1-2 (1991): 47–55.
• R.C. Gregg, Consolation Philosophy: Greek and Christian Paideia in Basil and the Two Gregories. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1975. ISBN 0-8132-1000-3. {Amazon.com}
• Edward R. Hardy, ed. Christology of the Later Fathers, J. Baillie et al., eds. Library of Christian Classics, Vol. 3. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1995. Pbk. ISBN 0-664-24152-2
• Carol Harrison & Brian Daley (Editor). Gregory Nazianzen. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0-415-12181-7
• V. Harrison, "Some Aspects of Saint Gregory (Nazianzen) the Theologian's Soteriology," Greek Orthodox Theological Review 34 (1989): 19–43/11–18.
• Susan R. Holman, "Healing the Social Leper in Gregory of Nyssa's and Gregory of Nazianzus's peri philoptochias," Harvard Theological Review 92.3 (1999): 283–309.
• M. Edmund Hussey,."The Theology of the Holy Spirit in the Writings of St. Gregory of Nazianzus," Diakonia 14.3 (1979): 224–233.
• Vasiliki Limberis, ."'Religion' as the Cipher for Identity: The Cases of Emperor Julian, Libanius, and Gregory Nazianzus," Harvard Theological Review 93.4 (2000): 373–400.
• George A. Kennedy, Greek Rhetoric Under Christian Emperors. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-691-03565-2. pp. 215–239. {Amazon.com}
• N.B. McLynn, "The Other Olympias: Gregory of Nazianzen and the Family of Vitalianus," ZAC 2 (1998): 227–46.
• Ruth Majercik, "A Reminiscence of the Chaldean Oracles at Gregory of Nazianzus, Or. 29,2," Vigiliae Christianae 52.3 (1998): 286–292.
• P.J. Maritz, "Logos Articulation in Gregory of Nazianzus," Acta Patristica et Byzantina 6 (1995): 99-108.
• E.P. Meijuring, "The Doctrine of the Will and the Trinity in the Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus," Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift 27.3 (1973): 224–234.
• Celica Milovanovic-Barham, "Gregory of Nazianzus: Ars Poetica (In suos versus: Carmen 2.1.39)," Journal of Early Christian Studies 5.4 (1997): 497–510.
• H. Musurillo, "The Poetry of Gregory of Nazianzus," Thought 45 (1970): 45–55.
• T.A. Noble, "Gregory Nazianzen's Use of Scripture in Defence of the Deity of the Spirit," Tyndale Bulletin 39 (1988): 101–123.
• F.W. Norris, "Of Thorns and Roses: The Logic of Belief in Gregory of Nazianzen," Church History, Vol. 53 (1984): 455–464.
• F.W. Norris, "The Tetragrammaton in Gregory Nazianzen (Or. 30.17)," Vigiliae Christianae 43 (1989): 339–44.
• F.W. Norris, Faith Gives Fullness to Reasoning: The Five Theological Orations of Gregory Nazianzen. Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, Vol 13. Leiden: Brill, 1990. ISBN 90-04-09253-6. p. 314. {Amazon.com}
• Jay Wesley Richards, "Can a Male Savior Save Women?: Gregory of Nazianzus on the Logos' Assumption of Human Nature," Christian Scholar's Review 28.1 (1998): 42–57.
• K. Skurat, "St. Gregory of Nazianzus on Philosophy and Knowledge of God," Journal of Moscow Patriarchate 10 (October 1989): 57–62.
• Frank Thielman, "The Place of the Apocalypse in the Canon of St Gregory Nazianzen," Tyndale Bulletin 49.1 (1998): 155–157.
• Steven Peter Tsichlis, "The Nature of Theology in the Theological Orations of St. Gregory Nazianzus," Diakonia 16.3 (1981): 238–246.
• Raymond Van Dam, "Self-Representation in the Will of Gregory of Nazianzus," Journal of Theological Studies 46.1 (1995): 118–148.
• Kenneth Paul Wesche, "The Union of God and Man in Jesus Christ in the Thought of Gregory of Nazianzus," St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly 28.2 (1984): 83–98.
• Donald F. Winslow, "Gregory of Nazianzus and Love for the Poor," Anglican Theological Review 47 (1965): 348–359.
• Donald F. Winslow, The Dynamics of Salvation: A Study in Gregory of Nazianzus. Cambridge, Mass.: North American Patristic Society, 1979. ISBN 0-915646-06-4.

Viungo vya nje

• Maandishi yake yote kutoka Patrologia Graeca ya Migne pamoja na faharasa
• Maandishi yake kwa Kiingereza
• Mt. Gregori wa Nazianzo katika Catholic Encyclopedia
• Barua chache kwa Kiingereza
• Louvain-la-Neuve University hosts an important website NAZIANZOS devoted to the study of Gregory Nazianzene's works in Greek and other ancient languages.
• Teolojia ya Mt. Gregori