Ugiriki

Ugiriki Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Ellinikí Dimokratía
Bendera Nembo
Kaulimbiu: Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος (Eleftheria i thanatos - "Uhuru au mauti")
Wimbo wa taifa: Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν - "Wimbo la Uhuru"
Mji mkuu na mkubwa	Athens
Lugha rasmi	Kigiriki
Serikali	Jamhuri
Uhuru kutoka Milki ya Osmani
• Ilitangazwa	25 Machi 1821
• Ilitambuliwa	1829
Eneo
• Jumla	km2 131,957
Idadi ya watu
• Kadirio la 2021	10,678,632
• Msongamano	77/km2
PLT (PPP)	Kadirio la 2025
• Jumla	▲ $467.59 billioni (ya 54)
• Kwa kila mtu	▲ $23,518(ya 30)
PLT (Kawaida)	Kadirio la 2025
• Jumla	▲ $267.35 bilion
• Kwa kila mtu	▲ $25,756
HDI (2023)	▲ 0.908 - juu sana
Sarafu	Euro (€)2
Majira ya saa	UTC+2 EET
Msimbo wa simu	+30
Jina la kikoa	.gr

Ugiriki, pia Uyunani (kwa Kigiriki cha kisasa: Ελλάδα, Ellada, au Ελλάς, Ellas), rasmi kama Jamhuri ya Hellena, ni nchi iliyoko Kusini-Mashariki mwa Ulaya, ikipakana na Albania kaskazini-magharibi, Masedonia Kaskazini na Bulgaria kaskazini, na Uturuki mashariki. Kwa upande wa kusini na magharibi, imezungukwa na Bahari ya Mediterania, Bahari ya Aegean, na Bahari ya Ionia. Ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 10.4, ikiwa ya 87 duniani. Mji wake mkuu na mkubwa zaidi ni Athens. Ugiriki imegawanyika katika majimbo 13 ya kiutawala. Inajulikana kwa historia yake ndefu ya ustaarabu wa kale, hasa Dola ya Kigiriki na michango yake katika demokrasia, falsafa, na sanaa. Pia ni mwanachama wa Umoja wa Ulaya na NATO.

Jiografia

Kijiografia huwa na sehemu za Ugiriki bara, rasi ya Peloponesi upande wa kusini inayounganishwa kwa shingo ya nchi nyembamba, halafu visiwa vingi upande wa Bahari ya Aegean, Bahari ya Adria na kwenye Mediteranea yenyewe. Visiwa vikubwa zaidi ni Kreta, Euboea, Lesbo na Rhodos.

Historia

Parthenon, katika Akropoli ya Athens, ni kielelezo cha Ugiriki wa Kale.

Ugiriki ni nchi yenye historia ndefu na maarufu sana, hata inaitwa "nchi mama ya Ulaya" na kitovu cha Ustaarabu wa magharibi, kwa sababu ndipo vilipoanza demokrasia, falsafa ya magharibi, fasihi ya magharibi, historiografia, sayansi ya siasa, tafiti za sayansi na hisabati, tamthilia na michezo ya Olimpiki.

Ugiriki ni nchi mwanachama wa Umoja wa Ulaya tangu 1981.

Watu

Lugha ya Kigiriki inaendelea kuandikwa kwa Alfabeti ya Kigiriki inayotumiwa tangu miaka 3000 iliyopita, lakini lugha yenyewe imebadilika. Wagiriki wa leo hawaelewi tena Kigiriki cha Kale moja kwa moja.

Wakazi wengi wanafuata dini ya Ukristo (93%), hasa katika Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Kigiriki (90%), halafu Waprotestanti na Wakatoliki. 2% ni Waislamu.

Tazama pia

• Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi

Marejeo

• "Minorities in Greece – Historical Issues and New Perspectives". History and Culture of South Eastern Europe. An Annual Journal. München (Slavica) 2003.
• The Constitution of Greece (PDF). Paparrigopoulos, Xenophon; Vassilouni, Stavroula (translators). Athens: Hellenic Parliament. 2008. ISBN 978-960-560-073-0. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Machi 2011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
• Clogg, Richard (1992). A Concise History of Greece (tol. la 1st). Cambridge University Press. ku. 10–37. ISBN 978-0-521-37228-2. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Machi 2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link), 257 pp.
• Clogg, Richard (2002) [1992]. A Concise History of Greece (tol. la 2nd). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00479-4..
• Dagtoglou, PD (1991). "Protection of Individual Rights". Constitutional Law – Individual Rights (kwa Kigiriki). Juz. la I. Athens-Komotini: Ant. N. Sakkoulas.
• Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-08149-3. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Machi 2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link), 376 pp.
• Hatzopoulos, Marios (2009). "From resurrection to insurrection: 'sacred' myths, motifs, and symbols in the Greek War of Independence". Katika Beaton, Roderick; Ricks, David (whr.). The making of Modern Greece: Nationalism, Romanticism, and the Uses of the Past (1797–1896). Ashgate. ku. 81–93.
• Kalaitzidis, Akis (2010). Europe's Greece: A Giant in the Making. Palgrave Macmillan., 219 pp. The impact of European Union membership on Greek politics, economics, and society.
• Koliopoulos, John S.; Veremis, Thanos M. (2002). Greece: The Modern Sequel. From 1831 to the Present. London: Hurst & Co.
• Kostopoulos, Tasos (2011). "La guerre civile macédonienne de 1903-1908 et ses représentations dans l'historiographie nationale grecque". Cahiers Balkaniques. 38–39 (38–39): 213–226. doi:10.4000/ceb.835.
• Kremmydas, Vassilis (1977). Η οικονομική κρίση στον ελλαδικό χώρο στις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα και οι επιπτώσεις της στην Επανάσταση του 1821 [The economic crisis in Greek lands in the beginning of 19th century and its effects on the Revolution of 1821]. Μνήμων (kwa Kigiriki). 6: 16–33. doi:10.12681/mnimon.171.
• Kremmydas, Vassilis (2002). Προεπαναστατικές πραγματικότητες. Η οικονομική κρίση και η πορεία προς το Εικοσιένα [Pre-revolutionary realities. The economic crisis and the course to '21]. Μνήμων (kwa Kigiriki). 24 (2): 71–84. doi:10.12681/mnimon.735.
• Livanios, Dimitris (1999). "Conquering the souls: nationalism and Greek guerrilla warfare in Ottoman Macedonia, 1904‐1908". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 23: 195–221. doi:10.1179/byz.1999.23.1.195. S2CID 162410083.
• Mavrias, Kostas G (2002). Constitutional Law (kwa Kigiriki). Athens: Ant. N. Sakkoulas. ISBN 978-960-15-0663-0.
• Mazower, Mark (1992). "The Messiah and the Bourgeoisie: Venizelos and Politics in Greece, 1909- 1912". The Historical Journal. 35 (4): 885–904. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00026200.
• Pappas, Takis (Aprili 2003). "The Transformation of the Greek Party System Since 1951". West European Politics. 26 (2): 90–114. doi:10.1080/01402380512331341121. S2CID 153514846.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Story, Louise; Thomas, Landon Jr; Schwartz, Nelson D (14 Februari 2010). "Wall St. Helped to Mask Debt Fueling Europe's Crisis". The New York Times. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Machi 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link).
• Trudgill, P (2000). "Greece and European Turkey: From Religious to Linguistic Identity". Katika Barbour, S; Carmichael, C (whr.). Language and Nationalism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
• Venizelos, Evangelos (2002). "The Contribution of the Revision of 2001". The "Acquis" of the Constitutional Revision (kwa Kigiriki). Athens: Ant. N. Sakkoulas. ISBN 978-960-15-0617-3.
• "PDF pager" Ἑλλάς - Ἑλληνισμὸς [Greece - Hellenism], Μεγάλη Ἐλληνικὴ Ἐγκυκλοπαιδεῖα (kwa Kigiriki), juz. la 10, Athens: Pyrsos Co. Ltd., 1934

Viungo vya nje

• (Kiingereza) (Kifaransa) (Kigiriki) Rais wa Ugiriki Ilihifadhiwa 17 Septemba 2012 kwenye Wayback Machine.

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