Bulgaria
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Kaulimbiu ya taifa: Съединението прави силата ("Umoja huleta nguvu) | |||||
Wimbo wa taifa: Mila Rodino ("Taifa la kupendwa") | |||||
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Mji mkuu | ![]() | ||||
Mji mkubwa nchini | Sofia | ||||
Lugha rasmi | Kibulgaria | ||||
Serikali | Demokrasia Rumen Radev (Румен Радев) Kiril Petkov (Кирил Петков) | ||||
Uhuru ilianzishwa Bulgaria kuwa nchi ya kikristo madaraka ya kujitawala Ilitangazwa |
681 865 3 Machi 1878 5 Oktoba 1908 (22 Septemba | ||||
Eneo - Jumla - Maji (%) |
110,994 km² (ya 106) 2.16% | ||||
Idadi ya watu - 2021 kadirio - 2014 sensa - Msongamano wa watu |
7,000,039 (ya 106) 6,875,040[1] 63/km² (ya 118) | ||||
Fedha | Lev (BGN )
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Saa za eneo - Kiangazi (DST) |
EET (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3) | ||||
Intaneti TLD | .bg | ||||
Kodi ya simu | +359
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Bulgaria (kwa Kibulgaria: България; jina rasmi ni Jamhuri ya Bulgaria) ni nchi ya Ulaya kusini - magharibi kwenye rasi ya Balkani.
Imepakana na Bahari Nyeusi, Serbia, Makedonia Kaskazini na Ugiriki.
Ni mwanachama wa Umoja wa Ulaya.
Historia[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Zamadamu walikuweko walau miaka milioni 1.4 iliyopita.
Kufikia mwaka 5000 hivi KK kulikuwa na ustaarabu mkubwa uliotengeneza vyombo vya ufinyanzi na usonara vilivyo kati ya vile vya awali zaidi duniani.
Baada ya mwaka 3000 KK, Wathraki walijitokeza katika rasi ya Balkani.
Mwishoni mwa karne ya 6 KK sehemu kubwa ya eneo hilo lilitekwa na Dola la Persia.
Katika miaka ya 470 KK, Wathraki waliunda ufalme wa Odrusia, ambao baadaye ulianguka na wenyewe walitawaliwa na Wamakedonia, Wakelti na Warumi. Mchanganyiko huo wa watu ulikuja kuungana na Waslavi, waliolowea rasi kwa namna ya kudumu baada ya mwaka 500 BK.
Mwaka 632 Wabulgaria walianzisha nchi huru kaskazini kwa Bahari Nyeusi iliyoitwa Bulgaria Kuu chini ya Kubrat hadi nusu ya pili ya karne ya 7.
Asparukh, mwandamizi wake, alihamia karibu na delta ya mto Danube akazidi kuteka maeneo ya Balkani yaliyokuwa ya Dola la Bisanti, jambo lililoendelea katika karne zilizofuata.
Huo mchanganyiko mkubwa wa watu ulipata utambulisho wa kitaifa kwa kushika dini, lugha na alfabeti moja.
Katika karne ya 11 hilo dola la Bulgaria la kwanza lilishindwa na Dola la Roma Mashariki likisaidiwa na Warusi.
Lakini mwaka 1185 ndugu Asen na Peter walifaulu kuanzisha dola la pili la Bulgaria lililofikia kilele chake katika miaka ya 1230.
Baada ya kugawanyika, falme tatu za Kibulgaria zilitekwa na Dola la Osmani mwaka 1396 kwa miaka 500 iliyofuata.
Vita kati ya Urusi na Uturuki vya miaka 1877–1878 vilileta uhuru kwa sehemu ndogo ya Bulgaria. Kwa kutaka Wabulgaria wote wawe ndani yake, nchi iliunga mkono Ujerumani katika vita vikuu vyote viwili na hatimaye ilishindwa.
Hivyo Bulgaria ikawa chini ya Wakomunisti kwa miaka 45.
Baada ya hapo Bulgaria ilijiunga na NATO mwaka 2004 na Umoja wa Ulaya mwaka 2007.
Watu[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Wakazi wanazidi kupungua tangu mwanzo wa miaka ya 1990.
Wengi wao (84.8%) wanazungumza Kibulgaria, ambacho ni kati ya lugha za Kislavoni, na wanafuata dini ya Ukristo katika Kanisa la kitaifa ambalo ni kati ya Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi.
Pia kuna makundi makubwamakubwa ya Waturuki (8.8%) Waislamu na walowezi kutoka India (4.9%).
Kwa jumla, Wakristo ni 75%, Waislamu 10%, wenye dini nyingine ni 3%, wakati wasio na dini ni 11.8%.
Tazama pia[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ Population and Demographic Processes in 2019 | National statistical institute. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 2020-06-18. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-12-14.
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- 2011 census of Bulgaria (Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 2013-07-27. Iliwekwa mnamo 20 December 2011.
- Chary, Frederick B. The History of Bulgaria (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) (2011) excerpt and text search
- Crampton, R. J. A Concise History of Bulgaria (2005) Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-61637-9
- Bell, John D., ed. (1998). Bulgaria in Transition: Politics, Economics, Society, and Culture after Communism. Westview. ISBN 978-0-8133-9010-9
- Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2011) Lost in Transition: Ethnographies of Everyday Life After Communism. Duke University Press.
- Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2010) Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe: Gender, Ethnicity and the Transformation of Islam in Postsocialist Bulgaria. Princeton University Press.
- Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2005) The Red Riviera: Gender, Tourism and Postsocialism on the Black Sea. Duke University Press.
- "Country Profile: Bulgaria" (PDF). Library of Congress Country Studies (Library of Congress). 2006. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Bulgaria.pdf. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- Curtis, Glenn E.; Mitova, Pamela; Marsteller, William; Soper, Karl Wheeler (1993). "Country Study: Bulgaria". Library of Congress Country Studies (Library of Congress). http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/bgtoc.html. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- "Historical Setting", Chapter 1. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "The First Golden Age", Chapter 1. Retrieved on 13 October 2012.
- "The Final Move to Independence", The Bulgarian Independence Movement. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "San Stefano, Berlin, and Independence", The Bulgarian Independence Movement. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Bulgaria in World War II: The Passive Alliance", World War II. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Wartime Crisis", World War II. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "After Stalin", Communist Consolidation. Retrieved on 24 April 2012.
- "Domestic Policy and Its Results", Communist Consolidation. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and 1970s", The Zhivkov Era. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "The Political Atmosphere in the 1970s", The Zhivkov Era. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Topography", The Society and its Environment. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Climate", The Society and its Environment. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "The Economy", Chapter 3. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Resource Base", The Economy. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Government and Politics", Chapter 4. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Arms Sales", National Security. Retrieved on 4 December 2011.
- "Military Personnel", National Security. Retrieved on 20 December 2011.
Viungo vya Nje[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages
- Bulgaria Archived 16 Oktoba 2008 at the Wayback Machine. at UCB Libraries GovPubs.
- Bulgaria katika Open Directory Project
- Wikimedia Atlas of Bulgaria
- Bulgaria Profile from Balkan Insight
- President of The Republic of Bulgaria Archived 10 Februari 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya | ![]() |
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Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Ulaya bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Bulgaria kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |