Ubelgiji
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Kaulimbiu ya taifa: Kifaransa: L'union fait la force ; Kiholanzi: Eendracht maakt macht ; Kijerumani: Einigkeit macht stark. (Kiswahili: "Umoja ni nguvu") | |||||
Wimbo wa taifa: La Brabançonne (Wimbo la Brabant) | |||||
Mji mkuu | Brussels | ||||
Mji mkubwa nchini | Brussels | ||||
Lugha rasmi | Kiholanzi, Kifaransa, Kijerumani | ||||
Serikali | Ufalme wa kikatiba Philippe Saxe-Coburg na Gotha Alexander De Croo | ||||
Uhuru Mapinduzi ya Ubelgiji |
1830 | ||||
Eneo - Jumla - Maji (%) |
30,689 km² (ya 136) 0.71 | ||||
Idadi ya watu - Novemba 2022 kadirio - [[{{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] sensa - Msongamano wa watu |
11,697,557 (ya 82) 11,515,793[1] population_census_year = Novemba 2019 | ||||
Fedha | Euro (EUR )
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Saa za eneo - Kiangazi (DST) |
CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
Intaneti TLD | .be | ||||
Kodi ya simu | +32
- |
Ubelgiji (België kwa Kiholanzi, Belgique kwa Kifaransa na Belgien kwa Kijerumani) ni ufalme wa Ulaya ya Magharibi. Ni kati ya nchi 6 zilizoanzisha Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Ulaya ambayo baadaye imekuwa Umoja wa Ulaya.
Imepakana na Ufaransa, Uholanzi, Ujerumani na Luxemburg.
Ina pwani kwenye Bahari ya Kaskazini.
Historia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]"Belgii" lilikuwa jina la wakazi wa kale wa kaskazini mwa Gallia, na Gallia Belgica ilikuwa jimbo la Dola la Roma.
Wakati wa Zama za Kati maeneo yake yalikuwa chini ya Dola Takatifu la Kiroma na tangu mwaka 1477 yalitawaliwa na nasaba ya Habsburg. Watawala hao walikuwa Wakatoliki, hivyo walizuia uenezaji wa Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti.
Hata hivyo mikoa ya kaskazini ilifaulu kwa njia ya vita kujipatia uhuru na kuanzisha Jamhuri ya Nchi za Chini (Uholanzi) tangu mwaka 1648. Mikoa iliyoendelea kuwa Ubelgiji ya baadaye ilibaki chini ya Habsburg hadi Mapinduzi ya Kifaransa na utawala wa Napoleon aliyeiingiza katika Ufaransa.
Baada ya Mkutano wa Vienna wa mwaka 1815 Ubelgiji iliunganishwa pamoja na Uholanzi kuwa sehemu ya Ufalme wa Muungano wa Nchi za Chini na hapo ilikuwa sehemu ya kusini ya ufalme huo. Tofauti na sehemu za kaskazini, zilizokuwa na Waprotestanti wengi, mikoa ya Ubelgiji ilikaliwa na Wakatoliki. Tena, wenyeji wa mikoa ya kusini kabisa waliongea Kifaransa, na pia katika sehemu nyingine, ambako watu waliongea Kiholanzi, lugha ya Kifaransa ilikuwa lugha iliyopendwa na matabaka ya juu na wasomi.
Tofauti hizo za kiutamaduni zilichangia kati ya watu wa kusini hisia ya kubaguliwa na katika mapinduzi ya 1830 mikoa yao ilijitenga na Ufalme wa Muungano wa Nchi za Chini na kuanzisha ufalme mpya wa Ubelgiji.
Jiografia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Majimbo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Ubelgiji ni shirikisho la majimbo matatu:
- Flandria katika kaskazini lenye Waflandria wanaotumia lugha ya Kiholanzi,
- Wallonia katika kusini lenye Wawallonia wanaotumia Kifaransa na
- jimbo la mji mkuu wa Brussels lenye lugha zote.[2]
Katika Wallonia kuna pia wilaya ambayo wakazi wanatumia hasa Kijerumani ambacho ni lugha ya tatu ya kitaifa.[3][4]
Ushindani kama si chuki kati ya makundi hayo ndilo tatizo kuu la nchi.[5][6]
Watu
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Wenyeji (67.3%) wanatofautiana hasa kutokana na lugha: 59% wanaongea hasa Kiholanzi, 40% Kifaransa na 1% Kijerumani.
Wahamiaji wanaongea lugha mama zao: Kiarabu (3%), Kiitalia (2%), Kituruki (1%) n.k.
Kiingereza kinajulikana na 38% za wakazi.
Wakazi wengi ni Wakristo (63.7%), hasa wa Kanisa Katoliki (60.6%), lakini 5% tu wanashiriki ibada za kila wiki; Wakristo wengine ni Waprotestanti (2.1%) na Waorthodoksi (1.6%). Waislamu ni 7.4%. Asilimia 28 hawana dini yoyote.
Tazama pia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ https://statbel.fgov.be/nl/themas/bevolking/structuur-van-de-bevolking
- ↑ Leclerc, Jacques, membre associé du TLFQ (18 Januari 2007). "Belgique • België • Belgien—Région de Bruxelles-Capitale • Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest". L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (kwa French). Host: Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ), Université Laval, Quebec. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 9 Juni 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 18 Juni 2007.
C'est une région officiellement bilingue formant au centre du pays une enclave dans la province du Brabant flamand (Vlaams Brabant)
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* "About Belgium". Belgian Federal Public Service (ministry) / Embassy of Belgium in the Republic of Korea. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2008-10-02. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Juni 2007.the Brussels-Capital Region is an enclave of 162 km2 within the Flemish region.
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* "Flanders (administrative region)". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft. 2007. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2009-10-31. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Juni 2007.The capital of Belgium, Brussels, is an enclave within Flanders.
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* Van de Walle, Steven, lecturer at University of Birmingham Institute of Local Government Studies, School of Public Policy. "Language Facilities in the Brussels Periphery". KULeuven—Leuvens Universitair Dienstencentrum voor Informatica en Telematica. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2009-10-31. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Juni 2007.Brussels is a kind of enclave within Flanders—it has no direct link with Wallonia.
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- ↑
"The German-speaking Community". The German-speaking Community. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 30 Mei 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 5 Mei 2007.
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) The (original) version in German language (already) mentions 73,000 instead of 71,500 inhabitants. - ↑ Morris, Chris. "Language dispute divides Belgium", BBC News, 13 May 2005. Retrieved on 8 May 2007.
- ↑ Petermann, Simon, Professor at the University of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium—at colloquium IXe Sommet de la francophonie—Initiatives 2001—Ethique et nouvelles technologies, session 6 Cultures et langues, la place des minorités, Bayreuth (25 Septemba 2001). "Langues majoritaires, langues minoritaires, dialectes et NTIC" (kwa French). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2013-11-02. Iliwekwa mnamo 4 Mei 2007.
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- Katika wavuti
- "Belgium". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Iliwekwa mnamo 7 Juni 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Belgium entry at The World Factbook Retrieved on 7 June 2007.
- "Country Portal – Europe—Belgium". Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy—Directorate-general Statistics Belgium. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 1 Julai 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 7 Juni 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Fischer, Kathrin (21 Julai 1999). "Die Stellung und Rolle der deutschsprachigen Minderheit in Ostbelgien innerhalb des belgischen Nationalstaats". Kleiner Geländekurs in die EUREGIO Maas-Rhein (kwa German). Geographical Institute of the Georg-August University (Department Culture and Social Geography), Göttingen, Germany. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 20 Julai 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Juni 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "History of Belgium". World History at KMLA. Korean Minjok Leadership Academy (KMLA). 30 Mei 2007. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 6 Julai 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Juni 2007.
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Janssens, Rudi, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (1 Juni 2001). "Brusselse Thema's in Brussel—Taalverhoudingen, taalverschuivingen en taalindentiteit in een meertalige stad" (PDF) (kwa Dutch na summary The Use of Languages in Brussels pp. 227–250 in English). Vrije Universiteit Brussel Press, Brussels ISBN 90-5487-293-4—republished. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 5 Juni 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Juni 2007.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help); Unknown parameter|author=
|deadurl=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Leclerc, Jacques, membre associé du TLFQ (2006). "Belgique • België • Belgien". L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (kwa French). Host: Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ), Université Laval, Quebec. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 8 Juni 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Juni 2007.
{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)—Reflections on nations and nation-state developments regarding Belgium
- Vitabu
- Arblaster, Paul (23 Desemba 2005). A History of the Low Countries. Palgrave Essential Histories (tol. la Hardcover 312pp). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. ISBN 1-4039-4827-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Blom, J. C. H., Dutch State Institute for War Documentation, ed.; Lamberts, Emiel, Professor in Modern History KULeuven, ed.; Kennedy, James C., translator (Mei 1999). History of the Low Countries (tol. la Hardcover 503pp). Berghahn Books, Oxford/New York. ISBN 1-57181-084-6.
{{cite book}}
:|author=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Cammaerts, Émile L. (1921) [1913]. A History of Belgium from the Roman Invasion to the Present Day (tol. la 357pp). D. Appleton and Co, New York. ASIN B00085PM0A. OCLC 1525559.
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[Also editions [1913], London, OCLC 29072911; (1921) D. Unwin and Co., New York OCLC 9625246 also published (1921) as Belgium from the Roman invasion to the present day, The Story of the nations, 67, T. Fisher Unwin, London, OCLC 2986704] - de Kavanagh Boulger, Demetrius C. (28 Juni 2001) [1902]. The History of Belgium: Part 1. Cæsar to Waterloo. Elibron Classics (tol. la Paperback 493pp). Adamant Media (Delaware corporation), Boston, Massachusetts, United States. ISBN 1-4021-6714-8.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Facsimile reprint of a 1902 edition by the author, London
Ib. (Juni 2001) [1909]. Ib. Part 2. 1815–1865. Waterloo to the Death of Leopold I. Ib. (tol. la Paperback 462pp). Ib. ISBN 1-4021-6713-X.{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Facsimile reprint of a 1909 edition by the author, London - Fitzmaurice, John (1996). The Politics of Belgium: A Unique Federalism. Nations of the modern world (tol. la Paperback 284pp). Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA. ISBN 0-8133-2386-X. OCLC 30112536.
- Kossmann-Putto, Johanna A.; Kossmann Ernst H.; Deleu Jozef H. M., ed.; Fenoulhet Jane, translator (from: (1987)). De Lage Landen: geschiedenis van de Noordelijke en Zuidelijke Nederlanden. Vlaams-Nederlandse Stichting Ons Erfdeel, Rekkem (Januari 1993) [1987]. The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands (tol. la 3rd Rev. edition Paperback 64pp). Flemish-Netherlands Foundation "Stichting Ons Erfdeel", Rekkem, Belgium. ISBN 90-70831-20-1.
{{cite book}}
:|author=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (Several editions in English, incl. (1997) 7th ed.)
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Serikali
- Taarifa za jumla
- Belgium entry at The World Factbook
- Belgium Archived 7 Juni 2008 at the Wayback Machine. at UCB Libraries GovPubs
- Belgium information from the United States Department of State
- Ubelgiji katika Open Directory Project
- Portals to the World from the United States Library of Congress
- Belgium profile from the BBC News
- FAO Country Profiles: Belgium
- Statistical Profile of Belgium at the Association of Religion Data Archives Archived 28 Oktoba 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- Wikimedia Atlas of Belgium
- Key Development Forecasts for Belgium from International Futures
- Official Site of the Belgian Tourist Office in the Americas and GlobeScope
Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya | |
---|---|
Austria | Bulgaria | Eire | Estonia | Hispania | Hungaria | Italia | Kroatia | Kupro | Latvia | Lituanya | Luxemburg | Malta | Polandi | Slovakia | Slovenia | Romania | Ubelgiji | Ucheki | Udeni | Ufaransa | Ufini | Ugiriki | Uholanzi | Ujerumani | Ureno | Uswidi |
Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Ulaya bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Ubelgiji kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |
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- Umoja wa Ulaya
- Vigezo vya Ulaya
- Mbegu za jiografia ya Ulaya
- Ubelgiji
- Ufalme
- Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya
- Mkataba wa Schengen
- Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya
- Nchi za Ulaya
- Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa
- Nchi Kijerumani kinapotumika