Primasia

Primasia (kwa Kiingereza "Primacy", kutokana na Kilatini "Primus", yaani "wa kwanza") ni msamiati wa teolojia ya Ukristo ambao unajaribu kueleza kwa nini baadhi ya maaskofu wana mamlaka juu ya wenzao, hasa Papa wa Roma kuwa na mamlaka juu ya maaskofu wote wa Kanisa Katoliki.

Uwepo wa mamlaka ya namna hiyo unakubaliwa na Waorthodoksi, Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki, Wakatoliki wa Kale na Waanglikana, ambao wote wana maaskofu wakuu na hata Mapatriarki wenye mamlaka juu ya maaskofu wakuu.

Tofauti zinajitokeza katika kueleza asili na utekelezaji wake unaotakiwa kuendana na usinodi.

Kwa Wakatoliki, primasia ilitakwa na Yesu mwenyewe katika kuchagua mitume wake pamoja na mkuu wao, Simoni Petro, ambaye katika orodha zao zote nne zilizomo katika Agano Jipya anawatangulia wenzake, tena Injili ya Mathayo 10:1-4 inasema wazi kwamba ndiye "wa kwanza".

Madondoo mengine yanayotumiwa na Wakatoliki kama uthibitisho ni Math 16:17‑19 Lk 22:32 na Yoh 21:15‑17.

Tanbihi

Marejeo

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Eusebius Pamphili. " Book V". In Schaff, Philip; Wace, Henry. A select library of the Nicene and post-Nicene fathers of the Christian Church. Series 2. 1 (American ed.). Buffalo: Christian Literature. Wikisource.
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Hilary of Poitiers (1898). " De Trinitate or On the Trinity/Book VI". In Schaff, Philip; Wace, Henry. A select library of the Nicene and post-Nicene fathers of the Christian Church. Series 2. 9 (American ed.). Buffalo: Christian Literature. Wikisource.
Hourlier, Jacques, mhr. (1981). "Anselme de Saint-Remy, Histoire de la Dédicace de Saint-Remy". La Champagne bénédictine : contribution à l'Année saint Benoît (480–1980). Travaux de l'Academie Nationale de Reims (kwa French na Latin). Juz. la 160. Reims: Academie Nationale de Reims. OCLC 11808869.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
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Larchet, Jean-Claude (2006). "The question of the Roman primacy in the thought of Saint Maximus the Confessor". Katika Kasper, Walter (mhr.). The Petrine ministry: Catholics and Orthodox in dialogue: academic symposium held at the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity. Translated by Brian Farrell. Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-4334-4. The question of the primacy of the Roman pope has been and remains, together with the question of the Filioque, one of the main causes of separation between the Latin Church and the Orthodox churches and one of the principal obstacles to their union. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Larson, James (2003). "Vatican I and the papal primacy". catholicculture.org. Manassas, VA: Trinity Communications. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-05-26. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) Reprint of "An exposition of Vatican I's teaching on papal primacy in its Dogmatic Constitution of the Church of Christ (Pastor Aeternus)". Homiletic & pastoral review. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press: 50–55. Juni 2003. ISSN 0018-4268.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation (2009-10-24). Iliandikwa kwenye Washington, DC. "A common response to the Joint International Commission for the Theological Dialogue Between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church regarding the Ravenna Document ' Ecclesiological and Canonical Consequences of the Sacramental Nature of the Church: Ecclesial Communion, Conciliarity and Authority '". scoba.us. New York: Standing Conference of the Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2010-06-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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Speciale, Alessandro (2011-09-25). "Ratzinger's Ecumenism between light and shadows". vaticaninsider.lastampa.it. Turin, IT: La Stampa. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2013-07-31. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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Reilly, Patrick J. (2005). "Teaching euthanasia". catholicculture.org. Manassas, VA: Trinity Communications. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2014-09-20. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) Reprint of Reilly, Patrick J. (Juni 2005). "Teaching euthanasia". Crisis. Notre Dame, IN: Morley Publishing Group: 28–35. ISSN 1535-332X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Sánchez, Jesús Hortal (1968). De Initio potestatis primatialis romani pontificis: investigatio historico-juridica a tempore Sancti Gregorii Magni usque ad tempus Clementis V. Analecta Gregoriana (kwa Latin). Juz. la 167. Rome: Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana. OCLC 864705.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
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Thompson, Ernest T. (1965). Through the ages: a history of the Christian church. Covenant life curriculum. Richmond, VA: CLC Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Ware, Timothy (1993). The Orthodox Church. Penguin religion and mythology (tol. la New). London [u.a.]: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-014656-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Webster, William A. "The Church Fathers' interpretation of the Rock of Matthew 16:18 : an historical refutation of the claims of Roman Catholicism". the-highway.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2002-06-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) Possibly based on Webster, William A. (1995). The Church of Rome at the bar of history. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust. ku. 43–ff. ISBN 978-0-85151-673-8.
Wetterau, Bruce (1994). World history: a dictionary of important people, places, and events from ancient times to the present. New York: H. Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-2350-3. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Wijngaards, John (2012-10-11). "Jubilee declaration on authority in the Catholic Church". churchauthority.org (petition). Wijngaards Institute for Catholic Research. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2012-10-15. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Whelton, Michael (1998). Two paths: papal monarchy, collegial tradition. Salisbury, MA: Regina Orthodox Press. ISBN 978-0-9649141-5-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
"Catholics and Orthodox discuss the role of the Pope of Rome in Vienna meeting". 02varvara.wordpress.com. 2010-09-24. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2011-07-18. Iliwekwa mnamo 2015-05-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) Translated from Католики и православные пытаются преодолеть главную причину 1000-летнего раскола в Церкви [Catholics and Orthodox trying to overcome main reason for 1000 year schism in the Church]. interfax-religion.ru (kwa Russian). Moscow. 2010-09-21. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2010-10-18. Iliwekwa mnamo 2015-05-26. {{cite web}}: Invalid |script-title=: missing prefix (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Vyanzo

Anastos, Milton V. (2001). Vryonis, Speros; Goodhue, Nicholas (whr.). Aspects of the mind of Byzantium: political theory, theology, and ecclesiastical relations with the See of Rome. Variorum collected studies. Juz. la 717. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-86078-840-9. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Miller, Maureen C., mhr. (2005). "Annales Romani Description of the Synod of Sutri ca. 1046 and Bonizo of Sutri Description of the Synod of Sutri ca. 1085". Power and the holy in the age of the investiture conflict: a brief history with documents. New York: St. Martins Press. ISBN 978-0-312-40468-0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Benson, Edward White (1897). Cyprian: his life, his times, his work. New York: Macmillan. OCLC 697711774. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Braaten, Carl E.; Jenson, Robert W., whr. (2001). Church unity and the papal office: an ecumenical dialogue on John Paul II's encyclical Ut unum sint. Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4802-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Carlton, Clark (1997). The faith: understanding Orthodox Christianity: an Orthodox catechism. Faith series. Salisbury, MA: Regina Orthodox Press. ISBN 978-0-9649141-1-7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Chrestou, Panagiotes K. (2005). Dragas, George D. (mhr.). Greek Orthodox patrology: an introduction to the study of the church fathers. Orthodox theological library. Juz. la 2. Translated by George D. Dragas. Rollinsford, NH: Orthodox Research Institute. ISBN 978-1-933275-04-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Congar, Yves (1959). After nine hundred years: the background of the schism between the Eastern and Western churches. New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-585-23800-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Denny, Edward (1912). Papalism A treatise on the claims of the papacy as set forth in the encyclical Satis Cognitum. London: Rivingtons. OCLC 693306249. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
DeVille, Adam A. J. (2011). Orthodoxy and the Roman papacy: Ut Unum Sint and the prospects of East-West unity. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 978-0-268-02607-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Chapman, John (1928). Studies on the early Papacy. London: Sheed & Ward. OCLC 422117622.
Empie, Paul C.; Murphy, T. Austin, whr. (1974). Papal primacy and the universal church. Lutherans and Catholics in dialogue. Juz. la 5. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-8066-1450-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
FitzGerald, Kyriaki Karidoyanes (2006). Persons in communion: a theology of authentic relationships. Distinguished lecture series. Berkeley, CA: InterOrthodox Press. ISBN 978-1-932401-08-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hasler, August B. (1981). How the Pope became infallible: Pius IX and the politics of persuasion. Translated by Peter Heinegg. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-15851-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Herrin, Judith (2007). Byzantium: the surprising life of a medieval empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13151-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hinson, E. Glenn (1995). The church triumphant: a history of Christianity up to 1300. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-86554-436-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Kelly, John N. D. (1995). Golden mouth: the story of John Chrysostom, ascetic, preacher, bishop. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3189-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. The Church in history. Juz. la 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-056-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Morrison, John H. (1884). Disquisitions and notes on the Gospels: Matthew (tol. la 4th). Boston: American Unitarian Association. OCLC 866896706. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Neill, Stephen (1990). Chadwick, Owen (mhr.). A history of Christian mission. The Penguin history of the Church. Juz. la 6 (tol. la 2nd). London [u.a]: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-013763-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Palladius Helenopolitanus (1985). Meyer, Robert T. (mhr.). Dialogue on the life of St. John Chrysostom. Ancient Christian writers: the works of the Fathers in translation. Juz. la 45. Translated by Robert T. Meyer. Mahwah, NJ: Newman Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-0358-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Papadakis, Aristeides (1983). Crisis in Byzantium: the Filioque controversy in the patriarchate of Gregory II of Cyprus (1283–1289). New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-1088-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Papadakis, Aristeides; Meyendorff, John (1994). The Christian East and the rise of the papacy: the church 1071–1453 A.D. The church in history. Juz. la 4. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-058-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Patsavos, Lewis J. (2003). Spiritual dimensions of the holy canons. Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN 978-1-885652-68-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Pennington, Arthur R. (1883). Epochs of the papacy: from its rise to the death of Pope Pius IX in 1878. New York: E. P. Dutton. OCLC 844615469. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Puller, Frederick W. (1900). The primitive saints and the see of Rome (tol. la 3rd, rev. and enl.). London [u.a.]: Longmans, Green. OCLC 679956657. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Romanides, John (2004). Dragas, George D. (mhr.). An outline of Orthodox patristic dogmatics. Orthodox theological library. Juz. la 1. Translated by George D. Dragas. Rollinsford, NH: Orthodox Research Institute. ISBN 978-0-9745618-4-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Runciman, Steven (1977). The Byzantine theocracy. Weil lectures, 1973. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-21401-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Schaeffer, Frank (1994). Dancing alone: the quest for Orthodox faith in the age of false religion. Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN 978-0-917651-36-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Ignatius of Antioch (1919) [1900]. The epistles of St. Ignatius: bishop of Antioch. Translations of Christian literature, Series I, Greek texts. Translated by James H. Srawley (tol. la 3rd). London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. OCLC 608472045. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Stephens, William R. W. (1883). Saint John Chrysostom, his life and times: a sketch of the church and the empire in the fourth century (tol. la 3rd). London: J. Murray. OCLC 499596765. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Vasileios of Stavronikita (1984). Hymn of entry: liturgy and life in the Orthodox church. Contemporary Greek theologians. Juz. la 1. Translated by Elizabeth Briere. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ku. 52–53. ISBN 978-0-88141-026-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Whelton, Michael (2006). Popes and patriarchs: an Orthodox perspective on Roman Catholic claims. Ben Lomond, CA: Conciliar Press. ISBN 978-1-888212-78-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

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