Injili

Papyrus P52, iliyoandikwa kwa Kigiriki mwaka 125 hivi, inahesabika kuwa andiko la zamani zaidi kutufikia kuhusu Yesu. Ina sehemu za Injili ya Yohane; mbele 18:31-33, nyuma 18;37-38.

Injili ni neno la Kiarabu lenye asili ya Kigiriki εὐαγγέλιον, evangelion, linalotafsiriwa Habari Njema, yaani habari ya Yesu Kristo kufa na kufufuka.

Jina hilo linatumika pia kuhusu vitabu vinavyoeleza maisha na mafundisho ya Yesu kufuatana na kile cha Mtakatifu Marko ambacho kwa wataalamu wengi ndiyo Injili iliyowahi kuandikwa (65-70 B.K.)

Kati ya vitabu vyote vya namna hiyo, Ukristo tangu karne ya 2 umekubali vile vinne vya kwanza tu, ambavyo viliandikwa wakati wa Mitume wa Yesu kuwepo duniani.

Hivyo vinashika nafasi ya kwanza katika orodha ya vitabu vya Agano Jipya kama ifuatavyo: Injili ya Mathayo, Injili ya Marko, Injili ya Luka na Injili ya Yohane.

Injili tatu za kwanza zinafanana kwa kiasi kikubwa katika mpangilio, habari na maneno yenyewe; kwa sababu hiyo zinaitwa Injili Ndugu. Kadiri ya wataalamu wengi mfanano unatokana na kwamba Injili ya Marko ilitumiwa na waandishi wa zile nyingine.

Ile ya Mtume Yohane ni ya pekee na inategemea ushahidi wa Mtume huyo ambaye alipendwa zaidi na Yesu akamfuata kiaminifu hadi msalabani.

Vinahesabiwa na Wakristo kuwa moyo wa Maandiko Matakatifu yote (Biblia) yanayotunza ufunuo wa Mungu, kwa kuwa ndivyo shuhuda kuu juu ya Neno aliyefanyika mwili.

Vile vingi vilivyoandikwa kuanzia karne 2 havitumiwi na Kanisa katika kufundisha imani na katika liturujia. Vinaitwa kwa kawaida apokrifa yaani "bandia".

Waislamu wanakiri Injili kuwa iliteremshwa toka mbinguni kwa nabii Isa, lakini hawakubali vitabu 4 vya Wakristo kama vilivyo.

Marejeo

• Anderson, Paul N. (2011). The Riddles of the Fourth Gospel: An Introduction to John. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451415551. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Aune, David E. (1987). The New Testament in its literary environment. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25018-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Beaton, Richard C. (2005). "How Matthew Writes". Katika Bockmuehl, Markus; Hagner, Donald A. (whr.). The Written Gospel. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83285-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Boring, M. Eugene (2006). Mark: A Commentary. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. ISBN 978-0-664-22107-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burge, Gary M. (2014). "Gospel of John". Katika Evans, Craig A. (mhr.). Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus. Routledge. ISBN 9781317722243. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burkett, Delbert (2002). An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00720-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burridge, R.A. (2006). "Gospels". Katika Rogerson, J.W.; Lieu, Judith M. (whr.). The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199254255. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Charlesworth, James H. (2008). The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide. Abingdon Press. ISBN 9780687021673. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192802903. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Donahue, John (2005). The Gospel of Mark. Liturgical Press. ISBN 9780814659656. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Duling, Dennis C. (2010). "The Gospel of Matthew". Katika Aune, David E. (mhr.). The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781444318944. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Dunn, James D.G. (2005). "The Tradition". Katika Dunn, James D.G.; McKnight, Scot (whr.). The Historical Jesus in Recent Research. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575061009. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Edwards, James R. (2015). The Gospel according to Luke. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802837356. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Edwards, James R. (2002). The Gospel according to Mark. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780851117782. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (2005b). Misquoting Jesus. Harper Collins. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (2009). Misquoting Jesus. Harper Collins. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). Lost Christianities. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195182491. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (1999). Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199839438. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Harrington, Daniel J. (1991). The Gospel of Matthew. Liturgical Press. ISBN 9780814658031. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hatina, Thomas R. (2014). "Gospel of Mark". Katika Evans, Craig A. (mhr.). Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus. Routledge. ISBN 9781317722243. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hurtado, Larry W. (2005). Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802831675. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Johnson, Luke Timothy (2010). The New Testament: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199745999. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Levine, Amy-Jill (2009). "Introduction". Katika Levine, Amy-Jill; Allison, Dale C. Jr.; Crossan, John Dominic (whr.). The Historical Jesus in Context. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400827374. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Johnson, Luke Timothy (2010). The Writings of the New Testament — An Interpretation, 3rd ed. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451413281. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lincoln, Andrew (2004). "Reading John". Katika Porter, Stanley E. (mhr.). Reading the Gospels Today. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802805171. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Honoré, A.M. (1986). "A statistical study of the synoptic problem". Novum Testamentum. 10 (2/3): 95–147. doi:10.2307/1560364. JSTOR 1560364. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lincoln, Andrew (2005). Gospel According to St John. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781441188229. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Mckenzie, John L. (1995). The Dictionary of the Bible. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780684819136. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• McMahon, Christopher (2008). "Introduction to the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles". Katika Ruff, Jerry (mhr.). Understanding the Bible: A Guide to Reading the Scriptures. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780884898528. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Morris, Leon (1986). New Testament Theology. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-45571-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Nolland, John (2005). The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Eerdmans. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• O'Day, Gail R. (1998). "John". Katika Newsom, Carol Ann; Ringe, Sharon H. (whr.). Women's Bible Commentary. Westminster John Knox. ISBN 9780281072606. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Parker, D.C. (1997). The Living Text of the Gospels. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521599511. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Perkins, Pheme (1998). "The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story". Katika Barton, John (mhr.). The Cambridge companion to biblical interpretation. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-521-48593-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Perkins, Pheme (2009). Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802865533. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Perkins, Pheme (2012). Reading the New Testament: An Introduction. Paulist Press. ISBN 9780809147861. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Martens, Allan (2004). "Salvation Today: Reading Luke's Message for a Gentile Audience". Katika Porter, Stanley E. (mhr.). Reading the Gospels Today. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802805171. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Powell, Mark Allan (1998). Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-664-25703-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Reddish, Mitchell (2011). An Introduction to The Gospels. Abingdon Press. ISBN 9781426750083. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Sanders, E.P. (1995). The Historical Figure of Jesus. Penguin UK. ISBN 9780141928227. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Senior, Donald (1996). What are they saying about Matthew?. PaulistPress. ISBN 978-0-8091-3624-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Telford, W.R. (1999). The Theology of the Gospel of Mark. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521439770. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Tuckett, Christopher (2000). "Gospel, Gospels". Katika Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (whr.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9789053565032. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Woodhead, Linda (2004). Christianity: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199687749. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Viungo vya nje

• A detailed discussion of the textual variants in the gospels Ilihifadhiwa 8 Juni 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine. — covering about 1200 variants on 2000 pages.
• Injili
• Greek New Testament Ilihifadhiwa 19 Juni 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine. — the Greek text of the New Testament: specifically the Westcott-Hort text from 1881, combined with the NA26/27 variants.
• Synoptic Parallels Ilihifadhiwa 6 Aprili 2023 kwenye Wayback Machine. A web tool for finding corresponding passages in the Gospels

Makala hii kuhusu dini ya Ukristo bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Injili kama historia yake, matokeo au athari zake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.