Injili ya Yohane

Injili ya Yohane ni kitabu cha nne katika orodha ya Agano Jipya katika Biblia ya Kikristo. Yaliyomo yake ni habari za Yesu Kristo tangu kubatizwa kwake na Yohane Mbatizaji hadi ufufuko wake.

Kama vitabu vingine vyote vya Biblia, hiki pia kinatakiwa kisomwe katika mfululizo wa historia ya wokovu ili kukielewa kadiri ya maendeleo ya ufunuo wa Mungu kwa binadamu.

Mwandishi

Injili ya nne inajulikana kwa jina la Mtume Yohane na kama zile nyingine inaleta habari za maisha na mafundisho ya Yesu kwa lengo la kufanya wasomaji wamuamini kuwa ndiye Masiya (Yesu Kristo) na hivyo wapate uzima wa milele.

Tangu karne II mapokeo ya Kanisa yanamtaja mtume huyo, aliyependwa na Yesu kuliko wenzake wote akamfuata kiaminifu mpaka msalabani, kuwa ndiye aliyeandika Injili hiyo akiwa jijini Efeso.

Mwaka 180 mtakatifu Irenei wa Lyons, mwanafunzi wa mtakatifu Polikarpo wa Smirna, aliyekuwa mwanafunzi wa Mtume huyo, aliandika: «Yohane, mwanafunzi wa Bwana aliyeegemea kifua chake, naye aliandika Injili akiwa Efeso huko Asia» (Adversus Haereses III, 1, 1).

Kuanzia karne XIX wataalamu wameonyesha kuwa kitabu hicho kiliandikwa taratibu hadi kilipokamilishwa muda mfupi baada ya kifo cha Yohane (mwaka 100 hivi).

Kwa kuwa uandishi ulichukua muda mrefu, uliweza kufaidika na tafakuri na mang'amuzi ya Yohane na ya jumuia alizoziongoza, kwanza huko Israeli, halafu nje yake, kati ya Wayahudi, Wasamaria na watu wa mataifa mengine.

Kwa njia hizo Roho Mtakatifu alizidi kumuongoza shahidi huyo bora kuelewa kwa dhati maana ya maneno na matendo ya Yesu ambayo yalikuwa na mafumbo.

Hivyo mateso yenyewe yanaonekana ufunuo wa utukufu wake kama Mwana Pekee aliyekubali kutolewa na Baba] kwa upendo.

Ndiyo sababu kuanzia Klementi wa Aleksandria (karne II) Injili ya Yohane inaitwa Injili ya Kiroho.

Uhusiano na Injili nyingine

P52, ni kipande cha maandishi ya Kigiriki katika nyasi zilizopondwa kinachokadiriwa kuwa kimeandikwa mwaka 125 hivi. Kwa sababu hiyo kinahesabiwa cha zamani kuliko maandishi yote tuliyonayo juu ya Yesu. Kina maneno ya Yoh. 18:31-33 (mbele) na Yoh. 18:37-38 (nyuma).

Kwa hakika hiyo ni tofauti sana na Injili Ndugu kwa mtindo na kwa mpangilio, kwa mafundisho na kwa habari zenyewe; ingawa kimsingi mambo ni yaleyale, ni wazi kwamba Yohane hakuzitegemea.

Wakati katika Injili hizo tatu Yesu anasisitiza Ufalme wa Mungu, katika ile ya Yohane anajitambulisha katika fumbo lake la Kimungu.

Labda Yohane alisoma walau Injili mojawapo, asipende kurudia habari zilezile, bali kuzikamilisha akiwa shahidi bora kati ya mitume wote.

Upekee wa Yohane

Hata hivyo hakutaka kuandika kitabu cha historia tu, bali habari njema hasa kwa kuchimba maana ya ishara alizozitenda Yesu zinazotufumbulia fumbo lake mwenyewe na sakramenti zake.

Injili hiyo inatudai tukomae katika maisha ya sala na kutafakari, tukizidi kumuuliza Yesu, “Wewe ni nani?”.

Katika Injili hiyo atatupa jibu moja baada ya lingine.

Muda wa uandishi

Kitabu kilikaribia kukamilika mwaka 90 hivi B.K.; toleo la mwisho na sura ya 21 ni kazi ya wanafunzi wa Yohane miaka kama 10 baadaye (Yoh. 20:30-31; 21:24-25).

Marejeo

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Viungo vya nje

• [1] Agano Jipya kwa lugha ya Kiswahili

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya Agano Jipya bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Injili ya Yohane kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.