Nenda kwa yaliyomo

Ijumaa Kuu

Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru
Msalaba wa Ijumaa Kuu kwenye Monasteri ya Utatu Mtakatifu, Meteora, Ugiriki.
Mwaka wa liturujia
Magharibi
Mashariki
Picha takatifu ya karne ya 16 ikionyesha tendo la kumsulubu Yesu kadiri ya Theofane wa Krete (Stavronikita Monastery, Mlima Athos, Ugiriki).
Siku ya Ijumaa Kuu Wakatoliki wanapokea ekaristi ingawa Misa haiadhimishwi (Our Lady of Lourdes, Philadelphia, Marekani).
Njia ya Msalaba ikiadhimishwa kwenye Koloseo mjini Roma siku ya Ijumaa Kuu. Mwishoni, Papa anatoa neno.
Mchoro wa El Greco ukimuonyesha Yesu akibeba msalaba, 1580.
Epitafyo ya Kiorthodoksi ikionyesha mwili wa Yesu ukizikwa.
Epitafyo ikichukuliwa katika maandamano.

Ijumaa Kuu ni siku ya Ijumaa inayotangulia Pasaka ambapo Wakristo wengi duniani[1][2][3] wanaadhimisha na kushiriki[4] kifo cha Yesu Kristo msalabani[5][6][7]. Katika madhehebu mbalimbali, kama Kanisa Katoliki[8] na Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi[4], lakini pia Waanglikana[9], Wamethodisti[1][10] na Walutheri [2][3] ni pia siku ya kufunga chakula.

Kufuatana na taarifa za Injili nne katika Biblia ya Kikristo, Yesu alisulubiwa siku kabla ya Sabato (Jumamosi), yaani Ijumaa. Mahali pa kumsulubisha palikuwa kilima cha Golgotha kilichokuwepo wakati ule nje ya kuta za mji wa Yerusalemu.

Tarehe

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Kadiri ya Injili ya Mtume Yohane, kesho yake ilikuwa Sabato na pia Pasaka, jambo lisilotokea kila mwaka. Kwa sababu hiyo wataalamu mbalimbali wameweza kukadiria ilikuwa tarehe 7 Aprili 30.

Sikukuu hii haina tarehe thabiti katika kalenda ya kawaida. Ilhali hutangulia Pasaka inafuata pia mabadiliko ya tarehe za Pasaka. Pamoja na mapokeo yaliyo tofauti kati ya Ukristo wa Magharibi (Wakatoliki na Waprotestanti wengi) na Ukristo wa Mashariki (makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi na Wakatoliki wa Mashariki), kuna tarehe mbili tofauti za Pasaka, na hivyo pia kila mwaka kuna tarehe mbili tofauti za Ijumaa Kuu.

MwakaUkristo wa
Magharibi		Ukristo wa
Mashariki
202518 Aprili18 Aprili
202603 Aprili10 Aprili
202726 Machi30 Aprili
202814 Aprili14 Aprili

Katika liturujia ya makanisa

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Ijumaa kuu ni sehemu ya Juma Kuu linaloanza kwa adhimisho la Yesu kuingia mji huo akishangiliwa kama mfalme wa Wayahudi (yaani Masiya au Kristo). Adhimisho hilo linafanyika mwanzoni mwa wiki, yaani Jumapili ya matawi.

Ijumaa kuu ni pia sehemu ya siku tatu kuu za Pasaka zinazoadhimisha mateso na kifo chake (Ijumaa), kulala kaburini (Jumamosi), na hatimaye kufufuka kwa utukufu (Jumapili), kwa ufupi:

  1. Yesu mteswa,
  2. mzikwa na
  3. mfufuka.

Ili kuelewa vema namna ya kuhesabu hizo siku tatu, ni lazima kujua kwamba kwa Wayahudi siku inaanza Jua linapotua, hivyo Ijumaa Kuu ilianza na usiku uliofuata Alhamisi kuu, Jumamosi kuu ilianza na usiku uliofuata Ijumaa, na Dominika ya Pasaka ilianza na usiku uliofuata Jumamosi. Pia walihesabu siku hata kama haikutimiza saa 24: basi, kwa kuwa Yesu alikufa Ijumaa alasiri, saa 3 hivi kabla ya jua kutua, kwao ilikuwa siku ya kwanza; Jumamosi nzima Yesu alibaki kaburini, ndiyo siku ya pili; usiku wa kuamkia Jumapili Yesu akafufuka, saa kadhaa baada ya jua kutua tena; ndiyo sababu Agano Jipya linatangaza alifufuka siku ya tatu.

Ibada nje ya liturujia

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Wakatoliki wengi, mbali ya kushiriki liturujia ya Kifo cha Yesu, siku hiyo wanafuata Njia ya Msalaba[11] na pengine wanafanya maandamano na sanamu ya maiti ya Yesu na ile ya Bikira Maria wa Mateso[12][13][14][15][16]. Miaka ya mwisho imeenea duniani kote ibada ya Huruma ya Mungu inayodai Ijumaa Kuu ianze novena itakayokamilika Dominika ya Pili ya Pasaka iliyotangazwa na Papa Yohane Paulo II kuwa sikukuu ya Huruma ya Mungu[17][18].

Kwa desturi iliyoenea kuanzia karne ya 16, hasa Waanglikana[19] siku hiyo wanahubiriwa kuhusu Maneno saba ya mwisho ya Yesu akiwa msalabani[20][21][22].

Katika kalenda za serikali

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Nchi nyingi huheshimu siku hiyo kwa kuruhusu wafanyakazi wapumzike[23], na pengine kuzuia michezo mbalimbali inayopingana na huzuni ya msiba huo.

Tanbihi

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  1. 1 2 Ripley, George; Dana, Charles Anderson (1883). The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary for General Knowledge (kwa Kiingereza). D. Appleton and Company. uk. 101. The Protestant Episcopal, Lutheran, and Reformed churches, as well as many Methodists, observe the day by fasting and special services.
  2. 1 2 Pfatteicher, Philip H. (1990). Commentary on the Lutheran Book of Worship: Lutheran Liturgy in Its Ecumenical Context (kwa Kiingereza). Augsburg Fortress Publishers. ku. 223–244, 260. ISBN 978-0800603922. The Good Friday fast became the principal fast in the calendar, and even after the Reformation in Germany many Lutherans who observed no other fast scrupulously kept Good Friday with strict fasting.
  3. 1 2 Jacobs, Henry Eyster; Haas, John Augustus William (1899). The Lutheran Cyclopedia (kwa Kiingereza). Scribner. uk. 110. By many Lutherans Good Friday is observed as a strict fast. The lessons on Ash Wednesday emphasize the proper idea of the fast. The Sundays in Lent receive their names from the first words of their Introits in the Latin service, Invocavit, Reminiscere, Oculi, Lcetare, Judica.
  4. 1 2 Bulgakov, Sergei V. (1900). "Great Friday". Handbook for Church Servers (PDF) (tol. la 2nd). Kharkov: Tr. Archpriest Eugene D. Tarris. uk. 543. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 3 Machi 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 6 Aprili 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. ↑ "What is the significance of Good Friday?" (kwa English). The Free Press Journal. 2 Aprili 2021. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 3 Oktoba 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 3 Aprili 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ↑ Franklin M. Segler; Randall Bradley (2006). Christian Worship: Its Theology And Practice. B&H Publishing Group. uk. 226. ISBN 978-0-8054-4067-6. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 3 Oktoba 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Aprili 2012.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. ↑ Gilman, Daniel Coit; Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore (1903). The New International Encyclopaedia (kwa Kiingereza). Dodd, Mead and Company. uk. 77. Good Friday is also known as Black Friday in the Western Church, because on that day clerical vestments and altar draperies are black.
  8. ↑ "Sacrosanctum concilium". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 21 Februari 2008. Iliwekwa mnamo 17 Aprili 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  9. ↑ Armentrout, Don S. (1 Januari 2000). An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church (kwa Kiingereza). Church Publishing, Inc. uk. 139. ISBN 9780898697018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  10. ↑ Bays, Daniel H; Wacker, Grant (2010). The Foreign Missionary Enterprise at Home: Explorations in North American Cultural History. University of Alabama Press. uk. 277. ISBN 978-0817356408.
  11. ↑ Baddeley, Nicole (Aprili 2020). "When is Good Friday 2020 - and why is it celebrated?". Bracknell News. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Machi 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  12. ↑ Edward (4 Aprili 2016). "Good Friday processions in Malta: What, how and where?". MaltaUncovered.com. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Machi 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  13. ↑ Bakerjian, Martha. "Easter Week in Italy". Martha's Italy. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Machi 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  14. ↑ "Eight Filipinos nailed to crosses as Easter crucifixion re-enactments resume". The Guardian. Associated Press. 7 Aprili 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Machi 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  15. ↑ Guadalupe, Patricia (14 Aprili 2017). "Voices: 'Jesus is crying!' Memories of my island's 'Viernes Santos'". NBC News. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Machi 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  16. ↑ Taylor, Alan (5 Aprili 2023). "Photos: Holy Week Processions in Spain". The Atlantic. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Machi 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  17. ↑ "Sanctuary of the Divine Mercy". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 15 Mei 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 28 Aprili 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  18. ↑ "Saint Faustina". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 28 Aprili 2019. Iliwekwa mnamo 28 Aprili 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  19. ↑ The Encyclopædia Americana: a library of universal knowledge, Volume 13. Encyclopedia Americana. 1919. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 Aprili 2012. The 'Three Hours' Devotion, borrowed from Roman usage, with meditation on the 'seven last words' from the Cross, and held from 12 till 3, when our Lord hung on the Cross, is a service of Good Friday that meets with increasing acceptance among the Anglicans.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  20. ↑ Richard Young (Feb 25, 2005). Echoes from Calvary: meditations on Franz Joseph Haydn's The seven last words of Christ, Volume 1. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0742543843. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 Aprili 2012. Interestingly, the Methodist Book of Worship adopted by the General Conference of 1964 presented two services for Good Friday: a Three Hours' Service for the afternoon and a Good Friday evening service that includes the "Adoration at the Cross" (the Gospel, Deprecations, and Adoration of the Cross) but omits a communion service, which would be the Methodist equivalent of the Mass of the Presanctified.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  21. ↑ Jesus of Nazareth by W. Mccrocklin 2006 ISBN 1-59781-863-1 p. 134
  22. ↑ The Seven Last Words From The Cross by Fleming Rutledge 2004 ISBN 0-8028-2786-1 pp. 8–10
  23. ↑ Harper's New Monthly Magazine, Volume 36, Issue 214. Harper & Brothers. 1868. uk. 521. In England Good-Friday and Christmas are the only close holidays of the year when the shops are all closed and the churches opened.

Marejeo

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Viungo vya nje

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