Kitabu cha Danieli

Ndoto ya Nebukadneza II: sanamu ya kutisha (mchoro wa Ufaransa, karne ya 15).

Kitabu cha Danieli ni kimojawapo kati ya vitabu vya Tanakh yaani Biblia ya Kiebrania ambamo kimo katika kundi la tatu na la mwisho, Ketuvim). Awali kiliandikwa katika lugha mbili: Kiebrania na Kiaramu. Kimepokea jina lake kutokana na mhusika wake ambaye ni Danieli, ilhali kinasimulia habari zake katika milango 6 ya kwanza halafu maono yake Danieli katika milango 7-12.

Wakristo wengi wanafuata tafsiri ya Septuaginta yenye nyongeza mbalimbali kwa lugha ya Kigiriki na kukipanga kati ya vitabu vya manabii baada ya Kitabu cha Ezekieli katika Biblia ya Kikristo.

Kama vitabu vingine vyote vya Biblia, hiki pia kinatakiwa kisomwe katika mfululizo wa historia ya wokovu ili kukielewa kadiri ya maendeleo ya ufunuo wa Mungu kwa binadamu.

Maana ya jina

Tafsiri ya kawaida ya jina la mhusika mkuu, Danieli mwenye hekima, ni Mungu ni hakimu wangu.

Habari za Danieli

Kadiri ya kitabu, Danieli alipokuwa kijana alipelekwa uhamishoni Babuloni, ambako hekima yake ya pekee ilimvutia mfalme Nebukadneza II na kumpatia cheo katika ikulu.

Sifa yake ilimwezesha kuendelea na cheo chake hata baada ya mji huo kutekwa na Wamedi na Waajemi (539 KK), ambapo alipendwa hasa na mfalme Dario ingawa alikataa amri zilizokwenda kinyume cha imani na maadili ya Torati ya taifa lake, Israeli.

Mtu mwenye hekima aitwaye Danieli alitajwa mapema hata nje ya Biblia katika eneo la Mashariki ya Kati.

Wataalamu wengi wa Biblia siku hizi hawakubali habari hizi kuwa za kihistoria kutokana na makosa mengi kuhusu watu na matukio.

Vilevile hawakubali matabiri yake kuwa za kinabii, kwa maana kitabu kinaonekana kimeandikwa na watu mbalimbali na nyakati mbalimbali hadi kikakamilika katika karne ya 2 K.K. kilipokusudiwa kutegemeza Wayahudi washike kama yeye msimamo katika dhuluma za mfalme Antioko Epifane zilizowakabili kama vinavyoeleza vitabu vya Wamakabayo.

Kwa sababu hiyo mtindo wake ni wa kiapokaliptiko, kama vitabu vingi vya wakati huo, kuanzia sehemu za Ezekieli hadi kitabu cha Ufunuo

Mgawanyo wa kitabu

Sura sita za kwanza zinasimulia hadithi za maisha ya Danieli.

Sura sita zinazofuata zinaleta njozi nyingi za usiku.

Sura za 13 na 14 ni sehemu za nyongeza kati ya Deuterokanoni.

Ujumbe

Kwa Wakristo ni muhimu hasa maneno ya kitabu juu ya Mwana wa Adamu, jina la mtu wa kimbingu lililotumiwa sana na Yesu kujitambulisha.

Vilevile ni muhimu fundisho lake la wazi kuhusu ufufuko wa watu wote na hali mbili tofauti za milele zitakazokana na hukumu juu yao. Ni hatua ya maana katika maendeleo ya ufunuo kuhusu vikomo vya binadamu.

Sala katika sehemu za Kigiriki

Sala ya Azaria (Dan 3:37-40)

"Sisi, Ee Bwana, tumekuwa duni kuliko maìtaifa mengine yote, na kudhulumiwa leo katika ulimwengu wote kwa sababu ya dhambi zetu. Sasa hakuna mfalme wala nabii wala kiongozi; hakuna dhabihu wala kafara wala sadaka wala uvumba, wala mahali pa kukutolea dhabihu na kuona rehema. Lakini kwa moyo uliovunjika na kwa roho nyenyekevu tukubaliwe nawe, na sadaka yetu iwe machoni pako leo kama dhabihu za kondoo waume na ng’ombe, na kama kondoo wanono elfu kumi. Nasi tukufuate kwa unyofu, maana wanaokutumaini Wewe hawataaibika".

Sala za vijana watatu (Dan 3:52-56)

"Umehimidiwa, Ee Bwana, Mungu wa baba zetu, wastahili kusifiwa na kuadhimishwa milele. Limehimidiwa jina lako takatifu, tukufu. lastahili kusifiwa na kuadhimishwa milele. Umehimidiwa katika hekalu la fahari yako takatifu, wastahili kusifiwa na kutukuzwa milele. Umehimidiwa juu ya kiti cha ufalme wako. wastahili kusifiwa na kuadhimishwa milele. Umehimidiwa utazamaye vilindi, uketiye juu ya makerubi, wastahili kusifiwa na kuadhimishwa milele. Umehimidiwa katika anga la mbinguni, wastahili kusifiwa na kutukuzwa milele".

Marejeo

• Bandstra, Barry L. (2008). Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible. Wadsworth Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-495-39105-0.
• Bar, Shaul (2001). A Letter That Has Not Been Read: Dreams in the Hebrew Bible. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press. ISBN 978-0-87820-424-3.
• Boyer, Paul S. (1992). When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-95129-7.
• Brettler, Mark Zvi (2005). How To Read the Bible. Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 978-0-8276-1001-9.
• Carroll, John T. (2000). "Eschatology". Katika Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (whr.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2.
• Cohen, Shaye J.D. (2002). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22743-2.
• Collins, John J. (1984). Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-0020-6.
• Collins, John J. (1993). Daniel. Fortress. ISBN 978-0-8006-6040-6.
• Collins, John J. (1998). The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4371-5.
• Collins, John J. (2001). Seers, Sibyls, and Sages in Hellenistic-Roman Judaism. BRILL. ISBN 978-0-391-04110-3.
• Collins, John J. (2002). "Current Issues in the Study of Daniel". Katika Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (whr.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11675-7.
• Collins, John J. (2003). "From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End". Katika McGinn, Bernard; Collins, John J.; Stein, Stephen J. (whr.). The Continuum History of Apocalypticism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-1520-2.
• Collins, John J. (2013). "Daniel". Katika Lieb, Michael; Mason, Emma; Roberts, Jonathan (whr.). The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible. Oxford UNiversity Press. ISBN 978-0-19-164918-9.
• Crawford, Sidnie White (2000). "Apocalyptic". Katika Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (whr.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2.
• Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.
• Davies, Philip (2006). "Apocalyptic". Katika Rogerson, J. W.; Lieu, Judith M. (whr.). The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies. Oxford Handbooks Online. ISBN 978-0-19-925425-5.
• DeChant, Dell (2009). "Apocalyptic Communities". Katika Neusner, Jacob (mhr.). World Religions in America: An Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-1-61164-047-2.
• Dines, Jennifer M. (2004). Knibb, Michael A. (mhr.). The Septuagint. Understanding the Bible and Its World (tol. la 1st). London: T&T Clark. ISBN 0-567-08464-7.
• Doukhan, Jacques (2000). Secrets of Daniel: wisdom and dreams of a Jewish prince in exile. Review and Herald Pub Assoc. ISBN 978-0-8280-1424-3.
• Dunn, James D.G. (2002). "The Danilic Son of Man in the New Testament". Katika Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (whr.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. BRILL. ISBN 978-0-391-04128-8.
• Dunn, James Douglas Grant (2003). Jesus Remembered: Christianity in the Making, Volume 1. Eerdmans Publishing Company. uk. 730. ISBN 978-0-8028-3931-2.
• Godden, Malcolm (2013). "Biblical Literature" The Old Testament". Katika Godden and, Malcolm; Lapidge, Michael (whr.). The Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-46921-1.
• Grabbe, Lester L. (2001). "A Dan(iel) For All Seasons: For Whom Was Daniel Important?". Katika Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W. (whr.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum. Juz. la 1. Leiden, Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 90-04-11675-3.
• Grabbe, Lester L. (2002). Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period: Belief and Practice from the Exile to Yavneh. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-46101-3.
• Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-567-55248-8.
• Hammer, Raymond (1976). The Book of Daniel. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09765-9.
• Harrington, Daniel J. (1999). Invitation to the Apocrypha. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4633-4.
• Hill, Andrew E. (2009). "Daniel". Katika Garland, David E.; Longman, Tremper (whr.). Daniel—Malachi. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-59054-5.
• Hill, Charles E. (2000). "Antichrist". Katika Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (whr.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2.
• Horsley, Richard A. (2007). Scribes, Visionaries, and the Politics of Second Temple Judea. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. ISBN 978-0-664-22991-7.
• Kent, Charles Foster (1906). The Origin and Permanent Value of the Old Testament (kwa English). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. uk. 214.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Knibb, Michael (2002). "The Book of Daniel in its Context". Katika Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (whr.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11675-7.
• Lerner, Robert E. (20 Julai 1998). "Description, End Times, Eschatology, Prophecy, & Examples". Encyclopedia Britannica. Iliwekwa mnamo 22 Juni 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Lester, G. Brooke (2015). Daniel Evokes Isaiah: Allusive Characterization of Foreign Rule in the Hebrew-Aramaic Book of Daniel. The Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies. Bloomsbury Publishing. uk. 23. ISBN 978-0-567-65856-2.
• Levine, Amy-Jill (2010). "Daniel". Katika Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A. (whr.). The new Oxford annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical books: New Revised Standard Version. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937050-4.
• Lucas, Ernest C. (2005). "Daniel, Book of". Katika Vanhoozer, Kevin J.; Bartholomew, Craig G.; Treier, Daniel J. (whr.). Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible. Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0-8010-2694-2.
• Matthews, Victor H.; Moyer, James C. (2012). The Old Testament: Text and Context. Baker Books. ISBN 978-0-8010-4835-7.
• McDonald, Lee Martin (2012). Formation of the Bible: the Story of the Church's Canon. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. uk. 57. ISBN 978-1-59856-838-7.
• Miller, Steven R. (1994). Daniel. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8054-0118-9.
• Niskanen, Paul (2004). The Human and the Divine in History: Herodotus and the Book of Daniel. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-567-08213-8.
• Portier-Young, Anathea E. (2016). Sharp, Carolyn (mhr.). The Oxford Handbook of the Prophets. Oxford Handbooks. Oxford University Press. uk. 229. ISBN 978-0-19-985956-6.
• Provan, Iain (2003). "Daniel". Katika Dunn, James D.G.; Rogerson, John William (whr.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-3711-0.
• Redditt, Paul L. (2008). Introduction to the Prophets. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-2896-5.
• Reid, Stephen Breck (2000). "Daniel, Book of". Katika Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (whr.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2.
• Rowland, Christopher (2007). "Apocalyptic Literature". Katika Hass, Andrew; Jasper, David; Jay, Elisabeth (whr.). The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-927197-9.
• Ryken, Leland; Wilhoit, Jim; Longman, Tremper (1998). Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-6733-2.
• Ryken, Leland; Longman, Tremper (2010). The Complete Literary Guide to the Bible. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-87742-4.
• Sacchi, Paolo (2004). The History of the Second Temple Period. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-567-04450-1.
• Schwartz, Daniel R. (1992). Studies in the Jewish Background of Christianity. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-16-145798-2.
• Seow, C.L. (2003). Daniel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25675-3.
• Schiffman, Lawrence H. (1991). From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism. KTAV Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-88125-372-6.
• Spencer, Richard A. (2002). "Additions to Daniel". Katika Mills, Watson E.; Wilson, Richard F. (whr.). The Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha. Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-86554-510-6.
• Theophilos, Michael P. (2012). The Abomination of Desolation in Matthew 24.15. T & T Clark library of biblical studies. Bloomsbury Academic. uk. 163. ISBN 978-0-567-55468-0.
• Towner, W. Sibley (1984). Daniel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-23756-1.
• Tucker Jr., W. D. (2020) [2012]. "Daniel: History of Interpretation". Katika McConville, Gordon J.; Boda, Mark J. (whr.). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Prophets: A Compendium Of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. Inter-Varsity Press. uk. unpaginated. ISBN 978-1-78974-038-7.
• VanderKam, James C. (2010). The Dead Sea Scrolls Today. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-6435-2.
• VanderKam, James C.; Flint, Peter (2013). The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls: their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-224330-0.
• Waters, Matt (2014). Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 BC. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-65272-9.
• Weber, Timothy P. (2007). "Millennialism". Katika Walls, Jerry L. (mhr.). The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974248-6.
• Wesselius, Jan-Wim (2002). "The Writing of Daniel". Katika Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (whr.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. BRILL. ISBN 978-0-391-04128-8.

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Kitabu cha Danieli

Wikiquote ina mkusanyiko wa dondoo kuhusu:

Kitabu cha Danieli

• Daniel (Judaica Press) * translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
• Bible, King James Version ("Bible, King James Version". quod.lib.umich.edu. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-01-17.) Book of Daniel
• Daniel at The Great Books * (New Revised Standard Version)

Vitabu vya Agano la Kale

Mwanzo * Kutoka * Walawi * Hesabu * Kumbukumbu * Yoshua * Waamuzi * Ruthu * Samueli I * Samueli II * Wafalme I * Wafalme II * Mambo ya Nyakati I * Mambo ya Nyakati II * Ezra * Nehemia * Tobiti^DK * Yudithi^DK * Esta * Wamakabayo I^DK * Wamakabayo II^DK * Yobu * Zaburi * Methali * Mhubiri * Hekima ^DK * Sira^DK * Wimbo Bora * Isaya * Yeremia * Maombolezo * Baruku^DK * Ezekieli * Danieli * Hosea * Yoeli * Amosi * Obadia * Yona * Mika * Nahumu * Habakuki * Sefania * Hagai * Zekaria * Malaki

Alama ya ^DK inaonyesha vitabu vya deuterokanoni visivyopatikana katika matoleo yote ya Biblia.

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya Biblia bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Kitabu cha Danieli kama historia yake au athari wake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.