Greenland
Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat | |
---|---|
Wimbo wa taifa: "Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit" | |
Mji mkuu na mkubwa | Nuuk |
Lugha rasmi | Kigrinilandi |
Lugha ya taifa | Kideni |
Uraia | Mgrinilandi |
Historia | |
• Ukoloni wa Udeni | 1721 |
• Sheria ya Kujitawala | 1 Mei 1979 |
• Mamlaka Kamili ya Ndani | 21 Juni 2009 |
Eneo | |
• Jumla | km2 2,166,086 km² |
Idadi ya watu | |
• Kadirio la 2022 | 56,583 |
• Msongamano | 0.028/km2 |
PLT (PPP) | Kadirio la 2021 |
• Jumla | ▲ $3.85 bilioni |
• Kwa kila mtu | ▲ $68,100 |
PLT (Kawaida) | Kadirio la 2021 |
• Jumla | ▲ $3.24 bilioni |
• Kwa kila mtu | ▲ $57,116 |
HDI (2010) | ▲ 0.786 juu (ya 61) |
Gini (2015) | ▬ 33.9 |
Sarafu | Krona ya Denmark (DKK) |
Majira ya saa | UTCUTC-3 hadi UTC+0 |
Msimbo wa simu | ++299 |
Greenland, pia Grinilandi (kwa Kikalaallisut: Kalaallit Nunaat) ni kisiwa kikubwa zaidi duniani na eneo lenye mamlaka ya kujiongoza ndani ya Ufalme wa Udeni. Kikiwa kati ya Bahari ya Atlantiki ya Kaskazini na Bahari ya Aktiki, kijiografia ni sehemu ya bara la Amerika Kaskazini, lakini kihistoria na kisiasa kina uhusiano wa karibu sana na Ulaya. Kisiwa hiki kina ukubwa wa takriban kilomita za mraba milioni 2.17, ambapo karibu asilimia 80 ya eneo hilo limefunikwa na barafuto. Idadi ya wakazi wake ni takriban watu 56,000 (kufikia 2024), wengi wao wakiwa ni Wainuit. Mji mkuu na mkubwa zaidi ni Nuuk. Lugha rasmi ni Kigrinilandi na Kideni.
Greenland ilipewa mamlaka ya kujitawala kutoka Udeni mwaka 1979, na baadaye ikapata hadhi ya kujitawala zaidi mwaka 2009, ikichukua usimamizi wa masuala mengi ya ndani, huku Udeni ikibaki na udhibiti wa sera za kigeni, ulinzi, na masuala ya fedha. Greenland ina bunge lake linaloitwa Inatsisartut, na uongozi wake uko mikononi mwa Waziri Mkuu. Ingawa si mwanachama wa Umoja wa Ulaya, Greenland ina mikataba kadhaa ya ushirikiano na umoja huo, hasa katika biashara na uvuvi.
Uchumi wa Greenland unategemea sana uvuvi, ambao ndio chanzo kikuu cha mauzo ya nje, pamoja na uwindaji, utalii, na uchimbaji mdogo wa madini. Kisiwa hiki pia kinavutia kwa utajiri wake wa rasilimali, zikiwemo ardhi adimu, ingawa uchunguzi wa rasilimali hizo mara nyingi huibua mijadala kutokana na hofu ya athari kwa mazingira. Mandhari yake makubwa na ya pori, pamoja na hali ya hewa ya Aktiki, huifanya Greenland kuwa eneo la pekee, na muhimu sana kwa tafiti za mabadiliko ya tabianchi.
Jina
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Jina la Kiswahili limetokana na lile la Kiingereza "Greenland", ambalo ni tafsiri ya jina la Kidenmark "Grønland", linalomaanisha "nchi yenye rangi ya majani mabichi".
Jina hilo Greenland lilitungwa miaka 1000 iliyopita, kwa sababu wakati ule hali ya hewa duniani ilikuwa na joto zaidi, na hapakuwa na barafu nyingi kama leo.
Jiografia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Kijiografia Greenland, kisiwa kikubwa kuliko vyote duniani, ni sehemu ya bamba la Amerika ya Kaskazini lakini kihistoria na kisiasa kwa karne kadhaa imekuwa na uhusiano wa karibu na Skandinavia (Ulaya ya Kaskazini).
Mlima wa juu wa Greenland ni Mlima Gunnbjørn (mita 3,694 juu ya UB) katika Watkins Range.

Mji mkuu ni Godthaab inayoitwa Nuuk (17,000).
Watu
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Wananchi wengi (89.5%) ni wakazi asilia wenye asili ya Asia, ingawa wengi wao wana pia damu ya Kizungu kwa asilimia 25. Lugha yao ndiyo lugha rasmi pekee tangu mwaka 2009. 8.6% ni Wazungu wenye asili ya Skandinavia na wanaongea Kidenmark ambacho kinaendelea kutumiwa na wote katika nafasi kadhaa. Wakazi wengi wanaweza kuongea lugha zote mbili.
Upande wa dini, walio wengi ni Wakristo (96.1%), hasa Walutheri (85%).
Greenland inaongoza duniani kwa asilimia ya watu wanaojiua, pamoja na kuwa na idadi kubwa ya walevi.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Hessel, Ingo (2006). Arctic Spirit. Vancouver, BC: Douglas and McIntyre. ISBN 978-1-55365-189-5.
- Stern, Pamela (2004). Historical Dictionary of the Inuit. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8108-5058-3. OCLC 54768167.
Marejeo mengine
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Bardarson, I. (ed. Jónsson, F.) "Det gamle Grønlands beskrivelse af Ívar Bárðarson (Ivar Bårdssön)", (Copenhagen, 1930).
- CIA World Factbook, 2000.
- Conkling, P. W. et al. 2011. The Fate of Greenland: Lessons from Abrupt Climate Change, co-authored with Richard Alley, Wallace Broecker and George Denton, with photographs by Gary Comer, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
- Lund, S. 1959. The Marine Algae of East Greenland. 1. Taxonomical Part. Meddr Gronland. 156(1), pp. 1–245.
- Lund, S. 1959. The Marine Algae of East Greenland. 11. Geographic Distribution. Meddr Gronland. 156, pp. 1–70.
- Steffen, Konrad, N. Cullen, and R. Huff (2005). "Climate variability and trends along the western slope of the Greenland Ice Sheet during 1991–2004," Proceedings of the 85th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (San Diego).
- Sowa, F. 2013. Indigenous Peoples and the Institutionalization of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Greenland. In: Arctic Anthropology. 50(1), pp. 72-88.
- Sowa, F. 2013. Relations of Power & Domination in a World Polity: The Politics of Indigeneity & National Identity in Greenland. In: Heininen, L. Arctic Yearbook 2013. The Arctic of regions vs. the globalized Arctic. Akureyri: Northern Research Forum, pp. 184-198.www.arcticyearbook.com/ay2013 Ilihifadhiwa 19 Februari 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Sowa, F. 2014. Greenland. in: Hund, A. Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: A Geographic Encyclopedia of the Earth’s Polar Regions. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 312-316.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Tovuti rasmi Ilihifadhiwa 7 Septemba 2006 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Taarifa za jumla
- Greenland Ilihifadhiwa 14 Mei 2016 kwenye Wayback Machine. entry at Denmark.dk.
- Greenland entry at The World Factbook
- Greenland entry at Encyclopædia Britannica.
- A guide to Greenlandic Culture Ilihifadhiwa 2 Machi 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine. at culture.gl.
- Greenland Ilihifadhiwa 28 Agosti 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine. at UCB Libraries GovPubs.
- Greenland katika Open Directory Project
- Daily updated satellite images from Greenland
- Greenland profile from the BBC News
- Key Development Forecasts for the Kingdom of Denmark from International Futures
- Population in Greenland
- Official statistical information about Greenland from stat.gl.
- Serikali
- Government Offices of Greenland Ilihifadhiwa 10 Machi 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Greenlandic Government Information Center Ilihifadhiwa 1 Machi 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine., the official English-language online portal (administered by the Greenland Ministry for Foreign Affairs)
- Departement of Foreign Affairs of Greenland Archived 2015-02-11 at Archive.today
- Greenland represented with the Kingdom of Denmark Embassies
- Summary vital statistics about Greenland from Naatsorsueqqissaartarfik.
- Ramani
- Vyombo vya habari
- Oil and Minerals Greenland Ilihifadhiwa 6 Februari 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine. at Arctic Journal
- Google news Greenland
- History of Greenland: Primary Documents Ilihifadhiwa 10 Februari 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Geological maps of Greenland Ilihifadhiwa 24 Januari 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Biashara
- Safari
- Visit Greenland – the official Greenlandic Tourist Board
- Mengineyo
- The Norse in the North Atlantic: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Memorial University of Newfoundland.
- A Photographer’s View of Greenland Ilihifadhiwa 31 Machi 2016 kwenye Wayback Machine. Documentary produced by Murray Fredericks
- Vifanord.de – library of scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries.
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