Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia

Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru
Jacobus Henricus Vant't Hoff,mtu wa kwanza kupokea tuzo ya nobel ya kemia,1901

Tuzo ya Nobeli ya Kemia hutolewa kila mwaka kufuatana na wasia wa Alfred Nobel na Kamati ya Taasisi ya Taaluma ya Sayansi ya Sweden.


Tangu mwaka 1901 tuzo imepokelewa na wataalamu wafuatao:


1901 Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff

1902 Hermann Emil Fischer

1903 Svante Arrhenius

1904 William Ramsay

1905 Adolf von Baeyer

1906 Henri Moissan

1907 Eduard Buchner

1908 Ernest Rutherford

1909 Wilhelm Ostwald

1910 Otto Wallach

1911 Marie Curie

1912 Victor Grignard na Paul Sabatier

1913 Alfred Werner

1914 Theodore William Richards

1915 Richard Willstätter

1916 (hakuna tuzo kwa Kemia)

1917 (hakuna tuzo kwa Kemia)

1918 Fritz Haber

1919 (hakuna tuzo kwa Kemia)

1920 Walther Nernst

1921 Frederick Soddy

1922 Francis William Aston

1923 Fritz Pregl

1924 (hakuna tuzo kwa Kemia )

1925 Richard Zsigmondy

1926 Theodor Svedberg

1927 Heinrich Otto Wieland

1928 Adolf Windaus

1929 Arthur Harden na Hans von Euler-Chelpin

1930 Hans Fischer

1931 Carl Bosch na Friedrich Bergius

1932 Irving Langmuir

1933 (hakuna tuzo kwa Kemia)

1934 Harold Urey

1935 Frederic na Irene Joliot-Curie

1936 Peter Debye

1937 Norman Haworth na Paul Karrer

1938 Richard Kuhn

1939 Leopold Ruzicka na Adolf Butenandt

1940-42 Tuzo ya Nobel haikutolewa kwa sababu ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.

1943 Georg von Hevesy

1944 Otto Hahn

1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen

1946 James Sumner John Howard Northrop na Wendell Stanley

1947 Robert Robinson

1948 Arne Tiselius

1949 William Giauque

1950 Kurt Alder na Otto Diels

1951 Edwin McMillan na Glenn Seaborg

1952 A.J.P. Martin na R.L.M. Synge

1953 Hermann Staudinger

1954 Linus Pauling

1955 Vincent du Vigneaud

1956 Nikolay Semyonov na Cyril Hinshelwood

1957 Alexander Todd

1958 Frederick Sanger

1959 Jaroslav Heyrovsky

1960 Willard Libby

1961 Melvin Calvin

1962 Max Ferdinand Perutz na John Kendrew

1963 Karl Ziegler na Giulio Natta

1964 Dorothy Hodgkin

1965 Robert Woodward

1966 Robert Mulliken

1967 Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish na George Porter

1968 Lars Onsager

1969 Derek Barton na Odd Hassel

1970 Luis Leloir

1971 Gerhard Herzberg

1972 Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore na William Stein

1973 Ernst Otto Fischer na Geoffrey Wilkinson

1974 Paul Flory

1975 John Cornforth na Vladimir Prelog

1976 William Lipscomb

1977 Ilya Prigogine

1978 Peter Mitchell

1979 Herbert Brown na Georg Wittig

1980 Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert na Frederick Sanger

1981 Kenichi Fukui na Roald Hoffmann

1982 Aaron Klug

1983 Henry Taube

1984 Robert Merrifield

1985 Herbert Hauptman na Jerome Karle

1986 Dudley Herschbach, Yuan Lee na John Polanyi

1987 Donald Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn na Charles Pedersen

1988 Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber na Hartmut Michel

1989 Sidney Altman na Thomas Cech

1990 Elias Corey

1991 Richard Ernst

1992 Rudolph Marcus

1993 Kary Mullis na Michael Smith

1994 George Olah

1995 Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina na Sherwood Rowland

1996 Robert Curl, Harold Kroto na Richard Smalley

1997 Paul Boyer, John Walker na Jens Skou

1998 Walter Kohn na John Pople

1999 Ahmed Zewail

2000 Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid na Hideki Shirakawa

2001 William Knowles, Ryoji Noyori na Barry Sharpless

2002 Kurt Wuthrich, John Fenn na Koichi Tanaka

2003 Peter Agre na Roderick MacKinnon

2004 Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko na Irwin Rose

2005 Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock na Yves Chauvin

2006 Roger Kornberg

2007 Gerhard Ertl

2008 Osamu Shimomura, Roger Tsien na Marty Chalfie

2009 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz na Ada Yonath

2010 Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi na Akira Suzuki

2011 Daniel Shechtman

2012 Robert Lefkowitz na Brian Kobilka

2013 Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt na Arieh Warshel

2014 Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell na William Moerner

2015 Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich na Aziz Sancar

2016 Jean-Pierre Sauvage, James Fraser Stoddart na Bernard Feringa

2017 Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank na Richard Henderson