Jumuiya ya Madola
| Lugha rasmi | Kiingereza |
| Katibu Mkuu | Don McKinnon (tangu 1999) |
| Chanzo chake | mw. 1926 kama jumuiya ya "Kibritania", tangu 1949 kama Jumuiya ya Madola ya kisasa |
| Madola wanachama | 53 |
| Makao Makuu | Westminster, London |
| Mtandao | thecommonwealth.org |
Jumuiya ya Madola (jina la Kiingereza ni Commonwealth of Nations) inaunganisha nchi mbalimbali hasa Uingereza na nchi zilizokuwa koloni zake.
Umoja huu umeanzishwa mw. 1926 kama "Jumuiya ya Kibritania" (British Commonwealth) na kupewa jina lake la sasa tangu 1949. Inafuatana na Dola la Kibritania au Dola la Kiingereza ambayo ilikuwa dola kubwa kabisa katika historia ya dunia lakini maeneo yake yalianza kuachana baada ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia kutokana na kudhoofishwa kwa Uingereza vitani na miendo ya kupigania uhuru katika nchi mbalimbali hasa Uhindi.
Leo zipatao asilimia 30 ya watu wote duniani (watu 1,800,000) huishi katika nchi wanachama za Jumuiya ya Madola. Nchi za jumuiya hii wenye wakazi wengi ni hasa Uhindi, Pakistan, Bangladesh na Nigeria. Kuna pia nchi ndogo sana kama Tuvalu yenye wakazi 11,000 pekee.
Nchi kadhaa zilisimamishwa uanachama au kuondoka kwa hiari zao. Mfano Tanganyika na Zanzibar ziliungana kwa hiyo hazipo tena lakini mpya ya Tanzania imekuwa nchi mwanachama. Vilevile Newfoundland iliondoka katika jumuiya baada ya kujiunga na Kanada kama jimbo.
Pakistan ilisimamishwa uanachama mara kadhaa kwa sababu serikali yake ilipinduliwa na wanajeshi walioanzisha serikali ya kijeshi. Imerudishwa tena.
Zimbabwe ilisimamishwa uanachama baada ya uchaguzi bandia 2002 ikaamua kujiondoa kabisa mwaka 2003.
Jamhuri ya Ueire iliamua mwaka 1949 kuacha viungo vyote na Uingereza ikajitangaza kuwa jamhuri isiyokubali athira ya nje kama hali ya malkia wa Uingereza kuwa mkuuw a dola hivyo ikaondoka katika jumuiya.
Afrika Kusini ilijiondoa 1961 kwa sababu ya upinzani wa jumuiya dhidi ya sheria za apartheid. Baada mwisho wa ubaguzi wa rangi nchi ilirudi katika jumuiya.
Fiji imesimamishwa mara kadhaa baada ya uasi wa kijeshi uliopindua serikali.
Nchi wanachama za Jumuiya ya Madola
[hariri | hariri chanzo]| Ilijiunga | Nchi | Bara | Wakazi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1931 | Afrika Kusini | Afrika | 47,423,000 |
| 1981 | Antigua na Barbuda | Amerika ya Kati | 81,000 |
| 1931 | Australia | Oceania | 20,555,300 |
| 1973 | Bahamas | Amerika ya Kati | 323,000 |
| 1972 | Bangladesh | Asia | 148,384,000 |
| 1966 | Barbados | Amerika ya Kati | 279,000 |
| 1981 | Belize | Amerika ya Kati | 287,730 |
| 1966 | Botswana | Afrika | 1,765,000 |
| 1984 | Brunei | Asia | 374,000 |
| 1978 | Dominika | Amerika ya Kati | 79,000 |
| 1970 | Fiji | Oceania | 848,000 |
| 1965 | Gambia | Afrika | 1,517,000 |
| 1957 | Ghana | Afrika | 22,113,000 |
| 1974 | Grenada | Amerika ya Kati | 103,000 |
| 1966 | Guyana | South America | 751,000 |
| 1947 | India | Asia | 1,100,000,000 |
| 1962 | Jamaika | Amerika ya Kati | 2,651,000 |
| 1995 | Kamerun | Afrika | 16,322,000 |
| 1931 | Kanada | Amerika ya Kaskazini | 32,654,500 |
| 1963 | Kenya | Afrika | 34,256,000 |
| 1961 | Kipro | Ulaya | 818,200 |
| 1979 | Kiribati | Oceania | 99,000 |
| 1966 | Lesotho | Afrika | 1,795,000 |
| 1964 | Malawi | Afrika | 12,884,000 |
| 1957 | Malaysia | Asia | 27,356,000 |
| 1982 | Maldivi | Asia | 329,000 |
| 1964 | Malta | Ulaya | 402,668 |
| 1968 | Morisi | Afrika | 1,245,000 |
| 1995 | Msumbiji | Afrika | 19,792,000 |
| 1990 | Namibia | Afrika | 2,031,000 |
| 1968 | Nauru | Oceania | 14,000 |
| 1931 | New Zealand | Oceania | 4,147,972 |
| 1960 | Nigeria | Afrika | 132,796,000 |
| 1947 | Pakistan | Asia | 158,352,000 |
| 1975 | Papua Guinea Mpya | Oceania | 5,887,000 |
| 1983 | Saint Kitts na Nevis | Amerika ya Kati | 43,000 |
| 1979 | Saint Lucia | Amerika ya Kati | 161,000 |
| 1979 | Saint Vincent na Grenadini | Amerika ya Kati | 119,000 |
| 1970 | Samoa | Oceania | 185,000 |
| 1976 | Shelisheli | Afrika | 81,000 |
| 1961 | Sierra Leone | Afrika | 5,525,000 |
| 1965 | Singapur | Asia | 4,326,000 |
| 1978 | Solomon Islands | Oceania | 478,000 |
| 1948 | Sri Lanka | Asia | 20,743,000 |
| 1964 | Tanzania | Afrika | 50,329,000 |
| 1970 | Tonga | Oceania | 102,000 |
| 1962 | Trinidad na Tobago | Amerika ya Kati | 1,305,000 |
| 1978 | Tuvalu | Oceania | 10,000 |
| 1962 | Uganda | Afrika | 28,816,000 |
| 1931 | Ufalme wa Maungano (Uingereza) | Ulaya | 60,209,500 |
| 1968 | Uswazi | Afrika | 1,032,000 |
| 1980 | Vanuatu | Oceania | 211,000 |
| 1964 | Zambia | Afrika | 11,668,000 |
Nchi wanachama za zamani
[hariri | hariri chanzo]| Ilijiunga | Nchi | Bara | Ilitoka |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1931 | Ueire | Ulaya | 1949 |
| 1931 | Newfoundland | Amerika ya Kaskazini | 1949 |
| 1961 | Tanganyika | Afrika | 1964 |
| 1963 | Zanzibar | Afrika | 1964 |
| 1980 | Zimbabwe | Afrika | 2003 |