Mozaiki
Mozaiki (au mosaiki) ni mtindo wa pekee wa uchoraji picha unaotumia vipande vidogo vya kioo cha rangi au vijiwe au vigae vya rangi mbalimbali vinavyounganishwa kuwa picha. Kunawezekana pia kutumia vipande vya vitu vyovyote vyenye rangi vinavyoweza kuunganishwa kuwa picha.
Chanzo cha mtindo wa mozaiki
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mtindo huu ulionekana mara ya kwanza huko Phrygia (katika Uturuki ya leo) iliyokuwa sehemu ya ustaarabu wa Ugiriki ya Kale. Mawe ya rangi nyeupe na nyeusi yalipangwa ukutani au kwenye sakafu kuwa tarakibu.
Baadaye Wagiriki na zaidi Waroma waliendelea kuongeza rangi na kutunga picha kamili si tarakibu tu kwenye kuta za nyumba. Maghofu ya Kiroma yanaonyesha mifano mingi iliyodumu hadi leo.
Mozaiki za Bizanti na za Waarabu
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Sanaa ya mozaiki iliendelezwa katika ustaarabu wa Bizanti. Wabizanti walipamba makanisa, majumba ya kifalme na pia nyumba za matajiri kwa mozaiki nzuri kabisa.
Waarabu Waislamu walipotwaa shemu kubwa za milki ya Bizanti waliendelea kuwaajiri wasanii Wabizanti wakipamba misikiti kama msikiti wa Umawiya huko Dameski au majumba ya masultani.
Baadaye walikuwa mafundi Waislamu waliopamba makanisa na nyumba katika Italia ya kusini.
Mozaiki leo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mtindo wa mozaiki umeaendelea kutumiwa hadi leo. Kwa kawaida mozaiki inaendelea kuwa picha inayounganishwa kwa njia ya kudumu na ukuta au safau ya jengo fulani. Inawezekana pia kuifunga katika fremu na kubadilisha mahali pake lakini picha za mozaiki huwa nzito.
Mifano ya mozaiki
[hariri | hariri chanzo]-
Alexander Mkuu kwenye mapigano ya Issos, kigiriki, karne ya 1 KK
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Mozaiki ya kibizanti ya karne ya 6: Mamajuzi wakimtembelea mtoto Yesu; Kanisa la Sant'Apollinare Nuovo mjini Ravenna
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Mozaiki ya Kristo katika kanisa la Hagia Sophia mjini Istanbul
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Mozaiki kwenye kanisa la Aachen
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Karne ya 19, Ujerumani (Braunschweig)
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Mozaiki ya Art Deco kwenye ukuta wa nje wa nyumba ya Nancy, Ufaransa
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Fundi mozaiki kazini
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Mozaiki inayoonyesha picha ya Pablo Picasso
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Lowden, John. Early Christian and Byzantine art. Phaidon.(for the section of Byzantium and Sicily)
- Efthalia Rentetzi, stylistic relationships between the mosaic flooring of s. Maria delle Grazie and s. Eufemia in Grado.An unknown picture of a fish, in [1], Art on web, punti di vista sull'arte.
- Efthalia Rentetzi, Un frammento inedito di S. Eufemia a Grado. Il pavimento musivo del Salutatorium", in: [2] Archived 4 Aprili 2010 at the Wayback Machine., Arte Cristiana, n. 850 (Gennaio - Febbraio 2009), V.XCVII, pp. 51–52.
- Efthalia Rentetzi, Le influenze mediobizantine nei mosaici dell’arcone della Passione della Basilica marciana, in “Arte|Documento”, vol. XIV, (2000), pp. 50–53.
Vitabu vingine
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- The Art of Mosaic - The Encyclopaedia of Projects, Techniques and Designs Sarah Kelly Search Press
- Mosaic Techniques and Traditions Sonia King Sterling Publishing Co
- The Art of Mosaic Design JoAnn Locktov & Leslie Plummer Clagett Quarry Books
- The Art of Mosaic Caroline Suter & Celia Gregory Anness Publishing Limited
- The Complete Pebble Mosaic Handbook Maggy Howarth Frances Lincoln
- Ravenna- Art & History Giuseppe Bovini Longo Publisher
- Mosaics in Roman Britain: Stories in Stone - Patricia Witts Tempus
- Mosaics – Inspiration & 24 Original Projects Kaffe Fassett & Candace Bahouth Ebury Press
- Decorative Mosaics Elaine M. Goodwin Letts Contemporary Crafts
- The Mosaic Book Peggy Vance & Celia Goodrick-Clarke Conran Octopus
- Making Mosaics- Design, Techniques & Projects LeslieDierks Sterling/Lark
- Antonio Gaudi-Master Architect Juan Bassegoda Nonell Abbeville Press
- Stylish & simple Mosaic Emma Biggs & Tessa Hunkin Aurim
- The Los Angeles Watts Towers Goldstone & Goldstone Thames & Hudson
Viungo vya Nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- History of mosaics & custom mosaics gallery
- Society of American Mosaic Artists
- British Association for Modern Mosaic
- Mosaic art glossary - terms, definitions & images Archived 31 Oktoba 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
- Mosaics resource Archived 18 Machi 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- Mosaic design tutorial Archived 21 Mei 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- Photos of mosaics in Hagia Sophia, Constantinople Archived 12 Machi 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- Stylistic relationships between the mosaic flooring of s. Maria delle Grazie and s. Eufemia in Grado., Efthalia Rentetzi, (an unknown picture of a fish).
- Digital mosaics made of website favicons. Archived 20 Desemba 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
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