Maombezi ya watakatifu
Maombezi ya watakatifu ni fundisho la imani la baadhi ya madhehebu ya Ukristo, kama Wakatoliki, Waorthodoksi na Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki[2]. Kanuni ya Imani ya Mitume inakiri ushirika wa watakatifu, ambao kwa madhehebu hayo ni msingi wa kuomba msaada wa sala zao. Hata hivyo, Waprotestanti wengi wanaikataa[3][4] [5][6].
Katika majadiliano ya kiekumeni pengine madhehebu mbalimbali yalifika hatua ya kukubaliana kwa kiasi fulani [7]
Kuhusu Uyahudi[8] na Uislamu, suala hilo linaleta utata.
Misingi katika Biblia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Maombezi ya watu hai kwa watu hai
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Hayo hayana shida, kwa kuwa imeshuhudiwa na sehemu nyingi za Biblia ya Kikristo, k.mf. Rom 15:30 na Yak 5:14-15, na kabla ya hapo katika Biblia ya Kiebrania, k.mf. Hes 14:19-20 na Ayu 42:8.
Maombezi ya watu hai kwa waliofariki
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Kitabu kimojawapo kati ya Deuterokanoni (2 Mak 12:43-46) kinasifu wazi sala na sadaka kwa ajili ya marehemu. Inawezekana kuelewa hivyo hata desturi ya baadhi ya Wakristo wa Korintho ya "kubatizwa" kwa ajili ya waliokufa (1Kor 15:29-30).
Maombezi ya waliokufa kwa watu hai
[hariri | hariri chanzo]2 Mak tena (15:14–17) kinasimulia jinsi Yuda Mmakabayo alivyoona marehemu kuhani Onia III na nabii Yeremia wakibariki jeshi la Yuda. Imani hiyo iliweza kurithiwa na Wakristo mapema sana [9][10] Pengine yanatajwa maneno ya Ufu 6:9-10 na 8:4 [11] na ya Lk 16:19-31[12]
Katika historia ya Kanisa
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Desturi ya kuomba sala ya watakatifu wa mbinguni imethibitishwa na maandishi ya karne ya 3.[13][14]
Kati ya Mababu wa Kanisa waliofundisha uwezekano wa maombezi hayo, wanatajwa Gregori wa Nazianzo [15] na Jeromu [16]
Katika Kanisa Katoliki
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mafundisho rasmi wa Kanisa Katoliki yalisisitizwa na Mtaguso wa Trento [17]
Katekisimu ya Kanisa Katoliki (956) imefafanua zaidi kufuatana na Mtaguso wa pili wa Vatikani [18].
Miujiza iliyopatikana kwa maombezi ya mtu baada ya kifo chake ni kati ya masharti muhimu ya kumtangaza mwenyeheri halafu mtakatifu.
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ On the Birthday of Saint John the Baptist, Sermon 293B:5:1. “Against superstitious midsummer rituals.” Augustine’s Works, Sermons on the Saints, (1994), Sermons 273–305, John E. Rotelle, ed., Edmund Hill, Trans., ISBN|1-56548-060-0 ISBN|978-1-56548-060-5 p. 165. [1] Editor's comment (ibid., note 16, p. 167): “So does ‘his grace’ mean John’s grace? Clearly not in the ordinary understanding of such a phrase, as though John were the source of the grace. But in the sense that John’s grace is the grace of being the friend of the bridegroom, and that that is the grace we are asking him to obtain for us too, yes, it does mean John’s grace.”[2]
- ↑ [https://www.lacopts.org/orthodoxy/our-faith/the-saints/on-intercessions/ "On Intercessions", Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles}
- ↑ Augsburg Confession, Article 21, "Of the Worship of the Saints". trans. Kolb, R., Wengert, T., and Arand, C. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000.
- ↑ Heidelberg Catechism Archived 15 Aprili 2021 at the Wayback Machine., Question 55
- ↑ Heidelberg Catechism Archived 15 Aprili 2021 at the Wayback Machine., Question 94
- ↑ Articles of Religion, Article XIV: "Of Purgatory"
- ↑ "asking the saints to intercede for us expresses the solidarity of the church wherein all are meant to be of mutual support to one another. Analogous to what is done among living persons, the request directed toward a saint to pray for us is a precise expression of solidarity in Jesus Christ, through the ages and across various modes of human existence. "Francis Schüssler Fiorenza. Systematic Theology: Roman Catholic Perspectives. Fortress Press; 2011. ISBN|978-1-4514-0792-1. p. 447.
- ↑ "Is it okay to ask a deceased tzaddik to pray on my behalf?" at Chabad.org
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary". newadvent.org.
- ↑ Farley, Lawrence. "Praying to the Saints", Orthodox Church in America, August 24, 2020
- ↑ "And the smoke of the incense of the prayers of the saints ascended up before God from the hand of the angel."
- ↑ "4 Biblical Proofs for Prayers to Saints and for the Dead". National Catholic Register. Iliwekwa mnamo 2020-02-16.
- ↑ "On the Intercession and Invocation of the Saints". orthodoxinfo.com.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2009-06-19. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-09-06.
{{cite web}}: More than one of|accessdate=na|access-date=specified (help); More than one of|archivedate=na|archive-date=specified (help); More than one of|archiveurl=na|archive-url=specified (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ He said of his deceased father: "I am well assured that his intercession is of more avail now than was his instruction in former days, since he is closer to God, now that he has shaken off his bodily fetters, and freed his mind from the clay which obscured it";Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 18
- ↑ "If the Apostles and Martyrs, while still in the body, can pray for others, at a time when they must still be anxious for themselves, how much more after their crowns, victories, and triumphs are won!" "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Intercession". newadvent.org.
- ↑ "...the saints who reign together with Christ offer up their own prayers to God for men. It is good and useful suppliantly to invoke them, and to have recourse to their prayers, aid, and help for obtaining benefits from God, through His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, Who alone is our Redeemer and Saviour."
- ↑ The intercession of the saints. "Being more closely united to Christ, those who dwell in heaven fix the whole Church more firmly in holiness. . . . They do not cease to intercede with the Father for us, as they proffer the merits which they acquired on earth through the one mediator between God and men, Christ Jesus . . . . So by their fraternal concern is our weakness greatly helped." Catechism of the Catholic Church - The Communion of Saints. Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Novemba 2018.
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Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Church Fathers on the Intercession of the Saints Archived 10 Oktoba 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
- Marian Prayers and Prayers of the Saints Archived 11 Februari 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
- Marian Novenas and Novenas to Saints Archived 14 Oktoba 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- Index and Calendar of Saints Archived 31 Desemba 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- Salatul Istisqa, Islamic prayer for rain ceremony
- Hadith Proofs for Tawassul through the Prophet