Yuda Mmakabayo

Yuda Mmakabayo (kwa Kiebrania: יהודה המכבי,^[1] Yehudah ha-Makabi) alikuwa kuhani wa Israeli, mwana wa tatu wa Matathia, aliyeongoza taifa lake dhidi ya Dola la Waseleuko (167–160 KK) ili kupata uhuru wa dini na hatimaye uhuru wa taifa upande wa siasa pia.^[2].

Sikukuu ya Hanukkah ("Kutabaruku") ilianzishwa chini yake kufanya kila mwaka ukumbusho wa ushindi uliomwezesha kutakasa hekalu la Yerusalemu mwaka 164 KK.

Ukoo wake (Wahasmonei) uliendelea kutawala Yudea hadi 63 KK, wakisisitiza dini ya Uyahudi na kupunguza athari ya ustaarabu wa Ugiriki wa kale kati ya Wayahudi.

Vyanzo

Habari zake zinasimuliwa katika kitabu cha kwanza cha Wamakabayo na kitabu cha pili cha Wamakabayo vilivyoandikwa na watu tofauti katika karne II KK na ambavyo vyote viwili ni kati ya vile vya Deuterokanoni vinavyokubaliwa na Wakristo wengi kama sehemu ya Biblia.

Pia kuna vitabu vingine viwili juu yake (Wamakabayo III na Wamakabayo IV) ambavyo havimo katika toleo la Septuaginta wala katika Biblia ya Kikristo.

Ushujaa wake unasifiwa katika waraka kwa Waebrania kama kielelezo cha imani.

Mazingira ya vita vyake: uenezi wa utamaduni wa Kiyunani (333-63 KK)

Kwa muda mfupi sana Aleksanda Mkuu wa Makedonia (Ulaya Kusini Mashariki) aliteka Asia (mpaka India) na Misri. Kuanzia hapo utamaduni na lugha ya Kiyunani vikaenea pote, hata kwa Wayahudi wengi, hasa walioishi nje ya nchi yao.

Chini ya utawala wa Kiyunani unabii ukaja kwisha (1Mak 9:27): badala yake yalitolewa maandiko ya kiapokaliptiko (hasa kitabu cha Danieli ambacho ni kama Ufunuo wa Agano la Kale), hadithi (Yona, Tobiti, Esta, Yudithi) na vitabu vya hekima (Mhubiri, Yoshua bin Sira, Hekima).

Humo tunaona maendeleo ya ufunuo, hasa kwa sababu Wayahudi wengi walianza kusadiki ufufuko wa wafu na mengineyo.

Nguvu ya imani hiyo iliwasaidia kukabili dhuluma na kifo (2Mak 7:1-41) chini ya Antioko Epifane (175 KK - 164 KK) aliyetaka kuwalazimisha waache kufuata Torati ili wajilinganishe na watu wengine. Tena akijidai kuwa tokeo la Mungu Mkuu alijenga altare kwa mungu wake ndani ya hekalu la Yerusalemu.

Hapo Wayahudi wakaanza kupigania uhuru wao wa kidini na wa kisiasa chini ya ukoo wa Wamakabayo, ambao kwa imani na ushujaa mkubwa wakafaulu kushinda majeshi ya kutisha (1Mak 3:18-22), kutakasa hekalu (1Mak 4:36-61) na kurudisha ufalme wa Israeli mpaka baada ya Warumi kuweka Uyahudi chini ya himaya yao (63 K.K.).

Ndiyo asili ya kundi la Mafarisayo (yaani “waliojitenga”), walioshika kwa bidii Torati kadiri ya mapokeo ya walimu wa sheria, wengi wao wakiwa walei. Kwa jumla walileta uamsho wa kiroho kati ya Wayahudi, lakini walidharau wenzao wasiojua Maandiko Matakatifu. Pia walishindana sana na Masadukayo kuhusu masuala ya dini na ya siasa hata kusababisha mauaji; kwa kuwa Masadukayo (waliokuwa na nguvu kati ya makuhani) walikataa mafundisho hayo mapya huku wakishika Torati tu.

Tazama pia

Tanbihi

↑ The modern Hebrew spelling for Maccabaeus follows a reconstruction based on the Greek name Μακκαβαῖος (the double "kk" being rendered as the Hebrew character kaph = כ), while overlooking the more ancient spelling of this name found in the Aramaic Scroll of Antiochus, and where the name is rendered as מַקבֵּי.
↑ Virtually all that is known about Judah Maccabee is contained in the Books of the Maccabees and in the works of Josephus, largely dependent on this source.

Marejeo

Schalit, Abraham (1997). "Judah Maccabee". Encyclopaedia Judaica (CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0). Ed. Cecil Roth. Keter Publishing House. ISBN 965-07-0665-8
Schäfer, Peter (2003). The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30585-3

Viungo vya nje

The Hasmoneans on the Web (Resource Index)
Judas Maccabeus on the Web (pictures and directory)
Jewish Encyclopedia
Catholic Encyclopedia
Lions of Judea - The miraculous story of the Maccabees
Playing Dreidel with Judah Maccabee Ilihifadhiwa 3 Novemba 2018 kwenye Wayback Machine. (script excerpt from play)
Judah Maccabee
"Under the Influence: Hellenism in Ancient Jewish Life" Ilihifadhiwa 29 Februari 2012 kwenye Wayback Machine. Biblical Archaeology Society
Who Was Judah Maccabee? by Dr. Henry Abramson

Makala hii kuhusu mtu wa Biblia bado ni mbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Yuda Mmakabayo kama habari za maisha au kazi yake?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.

[1] The modern Hebrew spelling for Maccabaeus follows a reconstruction based on the Greek name Μακκαβαῖος (the double "kk" being rendered as the Hebrew character kaph = כ), while overlooking the more ancient spelling of this name found in the Aramaic Scroll of Antiochus, and where the name is rendered as מַקבֵּי.

[2] Virtually all that is known about Judah Maccabee is contained in the Books of the Maccabees and in the works of Josephus, largely dependent on this source.

[1]

[2]