Nenda kwa yaliyomo

Ufalme wa Kush

Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru
Eneo asili la Kush na jinsi lilivyokuwa limeenea mwaka 700 KK hivo.[1]

Ufalme wa Kush ulikuwa dola ambalo kuanzia mwaka 780 KK hivi lilienea kutoka Sudan hata kutawala Misri likaja kwisha mwaka 330 BK hivi liliposhindwa na ufalme wa Aksum.

Tazama pia

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Tanbihi

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  1. ↑ "Dive beneath the pyramids of Sudan's black pharaohs". National Geographic (kwa Kiingereza). 2 Julai 2019. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Julai 2, 2019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

Vyanzo

[hariri | hariri chanzo]
  • Bianchi, Robert Steven (2004). Daily Life of the Nubians. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32501-4.
  • Emberling, Geoff (2023). "Kush under the Dynasty of Napata". Katika Karen Radner; Nadine Moeller; D.T. Potts (whr.). The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East. Juz. la 4. Oxford University. ku. 82–160.
  • Edwards, David N. (2004). The Nubian Past. London: Routledge. ku. 348 Pages. ISBN 0-415-36987-8.
  • Edwards (2011). "From Meroe to 'Nubia' – exploring culture change without the 'Noba'". La Pioche et La Plume (Hommages Archéologiques à Patrice Lenoble). ku. 501–514.
  • Edwards, David (2013). "Medieval and post-medieval states of the Nile Valley". Katika Peter Mitchell, Paul Lane (mhr.). The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology. Oxford University. ku. 789–798.
  • Edwards, David (2019). "Post-Meroitic Nubia". Katika Dietrich Raue (mhr.). Handbook of Ancient Nubia. De Gruyter. ku. 943–964.
  • el-Tayeb, Mahmoud (2020). "Post-Meroe in Upper Nubia". The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford University. ku. 731–758.
  • Fisher, Marjorie M.; Lacovara, Peter; Ikram, Salima; na wenz., whr. (2012). Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-416-478-1.
  • Hatke, George (2013). Aksum and Nubia. Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. New York University.
  • Hintze, Fritz (1963). "Musawwarat as Sufra. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of the Institute of Egyptology, Humboldt University, Berlin, 1961–62" (PDF). Kush: Journal of the Sudan Antiquities Service. Juz. la XI. The Service.
  • Humphris, Jane; na wenz. (Juni 2018). "Iron Smelting in Sudan: Experimental Archaeology at The Royal City of Meroe". Journal of Field Archaeology. 43 (5): 399–416. doi:10.1080/00934690.2018.1479085.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  • Kendall, T. (1999). "The Origin of the Napatan State: El Kurru and the Evidence of the Royal Ancestors". Katika Steffen Wenig (mhr.). Studien Zum Antiken Sudan Akten Der 7. Internationalen Tagung Für Meroitische Forschungen Vom 14. Bis 19. September 1992 in Gosen/bei Berlin. Harrassowitz. ku. 3–117.
  • Leclant, Jean (2004). The empire of Kush: Napata and Meroe. London: UNESCO. ku. 1912 Pages. ISBN 1-57958-245-1.
  • Rilly, Claude (2008). "Enemy brothers: Kinship and relationship between Meroites and Nubians (Noba)". Between the Cataracts: Proceedings of the 11th Conference of Nubian Studies, Warsaw, 27 August – 2 September 2006. Part One. PAM. ku. 211–225. ISBN 978-83-235-0271-5.
  • Rilly, Claude. "Languages of Ancient Nubia". Katika Dietrich Raue (mhr.). Handbook of Ancient Nubia. De Gruyter. ku. 129–154.
  • Sakamoto, Tsubasa (2022). "A (Post-)Meroitic chieftain at Jebel Umm Marrihi". Katika N. Kawai, B.G. Davies (mhr.). The Star Who Appears in Thebes. Studies in Honour of Jiro Kondo. Abercromby. ku. 369–382.
  • Oliver, Roland (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa Volume 3 1050 – c. 1600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20981-1.
  • Oliver, Roland (1978). The Cambridge history of Africa. Vol. 2, From c. 500 BC to AD 1050. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20981-1.
  • Shillington, Kevin (2004). Encyclopedia of African History, Vol. 1. London: Routledge. ku. 1912 Pages. ISBN 1-57958-245-1.
  • Török, László (1997). "The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization". Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 the Near and Middle East. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9004104488.
  • Török, László (2009). Between Two Worlds. The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC – AD 500. Brill.
  • Welsby, Derek (1996). The Kingdom of Kush: the Napatan and Meroitic empires. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Press. ISBN 978-0-7141-0986-2. OCLC 34888835.
  • Williams, Bruce Beyer (2020). "The Napatan Neo-Kushite State 1: The Intermediate Period and Second Empire". Katika Bruce Beyer Williams (mhr.). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford University. ku. 411–422.

Marejeo mengine

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  • Baud, Michel (2010). Méroé. Un empire sur le Nil (kwa Kifaransa). Officina Libraria. ISBN 978-8889854501.
  • Breyer, Francis (2014). Einführung in die Meroitistik (kwa Kijerumani). Lit. ISBN 978-3-643-12805-8.
  • Lenoble, Patrice (2018). El-Hobagi: Une Necropole De Rang Imperial Au Soudan Central. Institut Francais D'archeologie Orientale.
  • Pope, Jeremy (2014). The Double Kingdom Under Taharqa. Brill.
  • Valbelle, Dominique; Bonnet, Charles (2006). The Nubian Pharaohs. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-9774160103.
  • Yvanes, Elsa (2018). "Clothing the elite? Patterns of textile production and consumption in ancient Sudan and Nubia". Dynamics and Organisation of Textile Production in Past Societies in Europe and the Mediterranean. Juz. la 31. ku. 81–92.

Viungo vya nje

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