Mtumiaji:Rberetta/mpya : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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'''Lama''' ni mnyama wa kufugwa wa [[spishi]] ''Lama glama'' katika [[Familia (biolojia)|familia]] Camelidae, anayeishi [[Amerika Kusini]]. Lama ametumiwa kwa upana kwa nyama yake na kubeba mizigo na [[Inca empire|Andean cultures]] since [[pre-Hispanic]] times.
'''Lama''' ni mnyama wa kufugwa wa [[spishi]] ''Lama glama'' katika [[Familia (biolojia)|familia]] Camelidae, anayeishi [[Amerika Kusini]]. Lama ametumiwa kwa upana na watu wa milima ya [[Andes]] tangu kabla ya historia, kwa nyama yake na kubeba mizigo.


== Maelezo ==
[[Picha:Domestic llama (2009-05-19).jpg|thumb|left|Lama wa kufugwa]]
[[Picha:Domestic llama (2009-05-19).jpg|thumb|left|Lama wa kufugwa]]


Lama mzima ana kimo cha mita 1.7–1.8 juu ya kichwa, na uzito wa kilo 130–200. Wakati wa kuzaliwa, lama mchanga ana uzito wa kilo 9 hadi 14. Kwa kawaida, lama wanaishi miaka 15–25, na lama wengine wamejulikana kuishi zaidi ya miaka 30.<ref name=Characteristics/><ref name=Facts/><ref name=FAQ/>
OLD: Akiwa na kimo cha sm 55–64 tu mabegani, huyo ni mnyama mdogo kabisa katika familia Bovidae. Madume wa spishi hiyo ndio wa pekee miongoni mwa mamalia wote kwa kuwa wana pembe nne za kudumu.

The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is 1.7 to 1.8&nbsp;m (5.5 to 6.0&nbsp;ft) tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between 130 and 200&nbsp;kg (280 to 450&nbsp;lb). At birth, a [[cria|baby llama]] (called a ''cria'') can weigh between 9 and 14&nbsp;kg (20 and 30&nbsp;lb). Llamas typically live for 15-25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more.<ref name=Characteristics/><ref name=Facts/><ref name=FAQ/>


[[Picha:Emmett and evie.JPG|thumb|left|Jika na ndama wake]]
[[Picha:Emmett and evie.JPG|thumb|left|Jika na ndama wake]]


They are very social animals and live with other llamas as a [[herd]]. The wool produced by a llama is very soft and [[lanolin]]-free. Llamas are intelligent and can learn simple tasks after a few repetitions. When using a [[Backpack|pack]], they can carry about 25% to 30% of their body weight for 8–13 [[kilometre|km]] (5–8 [[mile]]s).<ref name="OK State"/>
Lama ndio wanyama wa kijamii sana, na huishi pamoja katika makundi. Sufu ya lama ni laini sana na haina [[lanolini]]. Lama wana akili na huweza kufundishwa kazi rahisi baada ya kuzirudia mara chache. Wakitumia tandiko la mzigo, wanaweza kubeba takribani 25% hadi 30% ya uzito wa mwili wao kwa kusafiri kilomita 8–13.<ref name="OK State"/>


The name ''llama'' (in the past also spelled 'lama' or 'glama') was adopted by [[European colonization of the Americas|European settlers]] from [[Indigenous people in Peru|native Peruvians]].<ref>Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, "''llama''"</ref>
Jina la lama lilitokea jina la Kingereza "llama", lililochukuliwa toka lugha ya wenyeji wa [[Peru]].<ref>Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, "''llama''"</ref>


Llamas appear to have originated from the central plains of [[North America]] about 40 million [[year]]s ago. They migrated to South America about three million years ago. By the end of the last [[Quaternary glaciation|ice age]] (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in North America.<ref name="OK State"/> As of 2007, there were over seven million llamas and [[alpaca]]s in South America, and due to importation from South America in the late 20th century, there are now over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]].<ref name=Numbers/>
Inaonekana kwamba lama wamekuja kwa asili kutoka nyanda za [[Amerika Kaskazini]] takribani miaka milioni 40 iliyopita. Walihamia Amerika Kusini takribani miaka milioni tatu iliyopita. Mwishoni mwa zama ya barafu ya mwisho (miaka 10,000–12,000 iliyopita), wanyama wa familia Camelidae walikuwa wametoweka Amerika Kaskazini.<ref name="OK State"/> Mnamo 2007, idadi ya lama na alpaka pamoja ilikuwa zaidi ya milioni saba Amerika Kusini, na kutokana na uingizaji kutoka Amerika Kusini mwishoni mwa karne ya 20, sasa kuna zaidi ya lama 158,000 na alpaka 100,000 wanaoishi [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]].<ref name=Numbers/>


== Marejeo ==
== Marejeo ==
Mstari 73: Mstari 72:
{{Commons category|Lama glama}}
{{Commons category|Lama glama}}


{{mbegu-mnyama}}
{{Artiodactyla|T.}}
{{Artiodactyla|T.}}


Pitio la 19:35, 9 Desemba 2014

Lama
Lama anayelala (Lama glama)
Lama anayelala
(Lama glama)
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
Himaya: Animalia (Wanyama)
Faila: Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)
Ngeli: Mamalia (Wanyama wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao)
Oda: Artiodactyla (Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni)
Nusuoda: Tylopoda (Wanyama wenye miguu inayovimba)
Familia: Camelidae (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na ngamia)
J. E. Gray, 1821
Jenasi: Lama (Lama na Guanako)
Cuvier, 1800
Spishi: L. glama (Lama)
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Usambazaji wa lama na vikunya
Usambazaji wa lama na vikunya

Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru

Lama ni mnyama wa kufugwa wa spishi Lama glama katika familia Camelidae, anayeishi Amerika Kusini. Lama ametumiwa kwa upana na watu wa milima ya Andes tangu kabla ya historia, kwa nyama yake na kubeba mizigo.

Maelezo

Lama wa kufugwa

Lama mzima ana kimo cha mita 1.7–1.8 juu ya kichwa, na uzito wa kilo 130–200. Wakati wa kuzaliwa, lama mchanga ana uzito wa kilo 9 hadi 14. Kwa kawaida, lama wanaishi miaka 15–25, na lama wengine wamejulikana kuishi zaidi ya miaka 30.[1][2][3]

Jika na ndama wake

Lama ndio wanyama wa kijamii sana, na huishi pamoja katika makundi. Sufu ya lama ni laini sana na haina lanolini. Lama wana akili na huweza kufundishwa kazi rahisi baada ya kuzirudia mara chache. Wakitumia tandiko la mzigo, wanaweza kubeba takribani 25% hadi 30% ya uzito wa mwili wao kwa kusafiri kilomita 8–13.[4]

Jina la lama lilitokea jina la Kingereza "llama", lililochukuliwa toka lugha ya wenyeji wa Peru.[5]

Inaonekana kwamba lama wamekuja kwa asili kutoka nyanda za Amerika Kaskazini takribani miaka milioni 40 iliyopita. Walihamia Amerika Kusini takribani miaka milioni tatu iliyopita. Mwishoni mwa zama ya barafu ya mwisho (miaka 10,000–12,000 iliyopita), wanyama wa familia Camelidae walikuwa wametoweka Amerika Kaskazini.[4] Mnamo 2007, idadi ya lama na alpaka pamoja ilikuwa zaidi ya milioni saba Amerika Kusini, na kutokana na uingizaji kutoka Amerika Kusini mwishoni mwa karne ya 20, sasa kuna zaidi ya lama 158,000 na alpaka 100,000 wanaoishi Marekani na Kanada.[6]

Marejeo

  1. ↑ "Llama Characteristics". Nose-n-Toes. 2007-06-25. 
  2. ↑ "Llama Facts 1". Llamas of Atlanta. 2007-06-25. 
  3. ↑ "Llama FAQ". Twin Creeks Llamas. 2007-06-25. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Llama". Oklahoma State University. 2007-06-25. 
  5. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, "llama"
  6. ↑ South Central Llama Association (2009-01-22). "Llama Facts 2". 
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