Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus mwaka 1775.

Carl Linnaeus (tamka: Karl Lineus; pia kwa umbo la Kilatini Carolus Linnaeus na baadaye Carl von Linné; 23 Mei 1707 – 10 Januari 1778) alikuwa mwanasayansi nchini Uswidi aliyeweka misingi ya biolojia ya kisasa kwa kuunda utaratibu wa taksonomia au uainishaji wa mimea na wanyama katika vikundi mbalimbali na kuvipa majina ya kisayansi.

Familia na elimu yake

Linnaeus alizaliwa kama mtoto wa mchungaji wa Kilutheri katika Uswidi ya kusini.

Akasoma tiba, botania na zoolojia kwenye chuo kikuu cha Uppsala akawa anafundisha botania kuanzia 1730.

Mwaka 1732 alifanya safari katika Uswidi ya kaskazini alipokusanya mimea mingi na kuipanga katika vikundi. Katika kazi hizi alitambua kasoro za uainishaji jinsi ilivyokuwa kawaida wakati ule akaanzisha mpangilio mpya.

Miaka 1735-1738 alikaa Uholanzi alipochukua shahada ya daktari.

Alisafiri pia Uingereza na Ufaransa alipofanya utafiti wa mimea kutoka pande zote za dunia aliyoona kwa wafanyabiashara waliokuwa na bustani ya sampuli kutoka makoloni ya nchi hizo.

Wakati huo alitoa toleo la kwanza la kitabu chake juu ya "Systema Naturae" au muundo wa utaratibu wa viumbe alimopanga aina za mimea, wanyama na mawe.

Profesa wa botania

Baada ya kurudi Uswidi alipata nafasi ya profesa ya botania kwenye chuo kikuu cha Uppsala alipoendelea kufundisha na kuandika. Alizidi kuboresha kitabu cha "Systema Naturae", akatoa kitabu cha pili kilichokuwa muhimu kwa wanafuNzi wake "Species Plantarum" (aina za mimea).

Mwaka 1757 Linnaeus alipewa na mfalme wa Uswidi cheo cha mkabaila akajiita Carl von Linné.

Akaendelea kufundisha hadi alipogonjeka mnamo 1774 na kiharusi.

Aliaga dunia tarehe 10 Januari 1778 mjini Uppsala akazikwa katika kanisa kuu la mji huo.

Umuhimu wake

Utaratibu wa uainishaji wa Linnaeus unaendelea kufuatwa hadi leo, na kila mmea au mnyama unapewa jina la kisayansi yenye sehemu mbili: sehemu ya kwanza inataja jenasi na sehemu ya pili spishi. Kwa kawaida linafuatwa na herufi ya kwanza ya jina la mtaalamu aliyeeleza spishi hiyo kwa mara ya kwanza katika maandiko ya kisayansi.

Hadi leo aina za mimea au wanyama zilizoainishwa na Linnaeus inatajwa kwa herufi "L." baada ya jina la kisayansi, kwa mfano mpunga ni mmea wa jenasi inayotajwa kwa jina la kisayansi kama Oryza (L.) na "L." katika mabano inaonyesha jenasi hii ilielezwa mara ya kwanza na Linnaeus. Jina la kisayansi ya simba Panthera leo L. kwa sababu pia mnyama huyu aliwekwa na Linnaeus katika utaratibu wa uainishaji wa kisayansi.

Pesa ya Uswidi inaonyesha picha yake kwenye noti ya krona 100.

Orodha za marejeo

• Anderson, Margaret J. (1997). Carl Linnaeus: father of classification. United States: Enslow Publishers. ISBN 109876543. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
• Blunt, Wilfrid (2004). Linnaeus: the compleat naturalist. London: Frances Lincoln. ISBN 0711223629.
• Broberg, Gunnar (2006). Carl Linnaeus. Stockholm: Swedish Institute. ISBN 9152009122.
• Frängsmyr, Tore; Lindroth, Sten; Eriksson, Gunnar; Broberg, Gunnar (1983). Linnaeus, the man and his work. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0711218412.
• Gribbin, Mary; Gribbin, John; Gribbin, John R (2008). Flower hunters. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199561827.
• Koerner, Lisbet (1999). Linnaeus: Nature and Nation. Harvard: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674097459.
• Stöver, Dietrich Johann Heinrich (1794). Joseph Trapp (mhr.). The life of Sir Charles Linnæus. London: Library of Congress. ISBN 0198501226.

Marejeo mengine

• Works by Carl von Linné katika Project Gutenberg
• Brightwell, C. L. A Life of Linnaeus. London: J. Van Voorst, 1858.
• de Bray, Lys (2001). The Art of Botanical Illustration: A history of classic illustrators and their achievements, pp. 62–71. Quantum Publishing Ltd., London. ISBN 1-86160-425-4.
• Hovey, Edmund Otis. The Bicentenary of the Birth of Carolus Linnaeus. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1908.
• Sörlin & Fagerstedt, Linné och hans lärjungar, 2004. ISBN 91-27-35590-X
• J.L.P.M. Krol, Linneaus' verblijf op de Hartekamp In: Het landgoed de Hartekamp in Heemstede. Heemstede, 1982. ISBN 90-70712-01-6
• Hansen, Lars (editor-in-chief), The Linnaeus Apostles – Global Science & Adventure. 8 vols. 11 books. London & Whitby: The IK Foundation & Company, 2007-2011. ISBN 978-1-904145-26-4.

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Linnaeus

Maisha

• Biography Archived 14 Februari 2008 at the Wayback Machine. at the Department of Systematic Botany, University of Uppsala
• Biography at The Linnean Society of London
• Biography from the University of California Museum of Paleontology

Vyanzo

• The Linnaeus Apostles Archived 15 Desemba 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
• The Linnean Collections
• The Linnean Correspondence
• Linnaeus' Disciples and Apostles
• The Linnaean Dissertations Archived 16 Juni 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
• Linnean Herbarium
• The Linnæus Tercentenary Archived 12 Septemba 2016 at the Wayback Machine.

Picha

• Scientists and Mathematicians on Money Archived 16 Aprili 2009 at the Wayback Machine.: Linneaus is featured on the 100 Swedish Krona banknote Archived 24 Juni 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• Linnaeus was depicted by Jay Hosler in a parody of Peanuts titled: Good ol' Charlie Darwin
• Stained glass depiction of Linnaeus at the All Saints' Chapel in Sewanee: The University of the South
• The 15 March 2007 issue of Nature (journal) featured a picture of Linnaeus on the cover with the heading "Linnaeus's Legacy" and devoted a substantial portion to items related to Linnaeus and Linnaean taxonomy
• Woodward Park in Tulsa, Oklahoma has a section called the Linnaeus Teaching Gardens Archived 17 Julai 2011 at the Wayback Machine. which features a large bronze statue of Linnaeus: [1] Archived 17 Julai 2011 at the Wayback Machine. [2] Archived 17 Julai 2011 at the Wayback Machine. [3] Archived 17 Julai 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• A mid-19th century marble statue of The Young Linnaeus Archived 17 Julai 2011 at the Wayback Machine. held by the Walker Art Gallery

Vinginevyo

• A tattoo of Linnaeus' definition of the order Primates Archived 2 Desemba 2010 at the Wayback Machine. mentioned by Carl Zimmer
• Ginkgo biloba tree at the University of Harderwijk, said to have been planted by Linnaeus in 1735
• A map Archived 4 Agosti 2009 at the Wayback Machine. showing Linnaeus' travels during his Lapland expedition