Makanisa ya Kikelti
Makanisa wa Kikelti (au Ukristo wa Kikelti (kwa Kiingereza Celtic Christianity) yalikuweko katika visiwa vya Britania kuanzia karne ya 3 hadi mwanzo wa Karne za kati.
Jina[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Jina linatokana na lugha ya Wakelti, wakazi asili wa visiwa hivyo.[1]
Upekee wake[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Tofauti kati ya Ukristo wa huko na ule wa Ulaya bara zinapimwa na wataalamu kwa namna mbalimbali.[2] Siku hizi wengi wanaona hazikuwa kubwa sana.[3] Kati yake kuna siku iliyopangwa kuadhimisha Pasaka, namna ya kunyoa wamonaki, utaratibu wa kitubio na juhudi za kuhama nchi ya kuzaliwa "kwa ajili ya Kristo".[3][4][5][6][7][8]
Juhudi hizo za mwisho zilifanya hasa wamonaki kutoka visiwani waeneze desturi za Kikelti barani Ulaya; muhimu zaidi kati yake ni ile ya kuungama mara kwa mara kwa padri ili kutunza daima moyo safi.
Hatima[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Ukristo wa Kikelti ulipata pigo kubwa katika Sinodi ya Whitby (664), ambapo ufalme wa Northumbria uliamua kufuata desturi za Kanisa la Roma.
Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ Koch, p. 431.
- ↑ Koch, pp. 431–432.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Corning, p. 18.
- ↑ Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 (London, 1995); T. M. Charles-Edwards, Early Christians Ireland (Cambridge, 2000); W. Davies, 'The Myth of the Celtic Church', in N. Edwards and A. Lane, The Early Church in Wales and the West (Oxbow Monograph 16, Oxford, 1992), pp. 12–21; Kathleen Hughes, 'The Celtic Church: is this a valid concept?’, in Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 1 (1981), pp. 1–20; Kathleen Hughes, The Church in Early English Society (London, 1966); W. Davies and P. Wormald, The Celtic Church (Audio Learning Tapes, 1980).
- ↑ Peter Brown, The Rise of Western Christendom, 2nd edition (Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2003), pp. 16, 51, 129, 132.
- ↑ Patrick Wormald, 'Bede and the 'Church of the English'’, in The Times of Bede, ed. Stephen Baxter (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006), p. 207.
- ↑ Richard Sharpe, "Some problems concerning the organization of the Church in early medieval Ireland", Peritia 3 (1984), pp. 230–270; Patrick Wormald, "Bede and the 'Church of the English'", in The Times of Bede, ed. Stephen Baxter (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006), pp. 207–208, 220 n. 3
- ↑ Patrick Wormald, "Bede and the 'Church of the English'", in The Times of Bede, ed. Stephen Baxter (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006), pp. 223–224 n. 1
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Vyanzo vya awali[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Adomnan, Life of Columba, ed. A. O. and M. O. Anderson, 2nd edition (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1991)
- Annales Cambriae, ed. Rev. John Williams ab Ithel (London : Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, 1860)
- Bede, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Angelorum, in Venerabilis Baedae Opera Historica, ed. C. Plummer (Oxford, 1896)
- Cummian, De controversia paschali and De ratione conputandi, eds. Maura Walsh and Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1988), pp. 93–5.
- Gildas, De Excidio Brittaniae, ed. J. A. Giles, Six Old English Chronicles (London, 1848)
- Historia Brittonum, ed. J. A. Giles, Six Old English Chronicles (London, 1848)
- Medieval Handbooks of Penance, eds. J. T. McNeill and H. M. Gamer (New York: Columba University Press, 1939)
- Patrick (Saint), Confessio, ed. and trans. John Skinner (Image, 1998)
- Baring-Gould, S. (Sabine), The Lives of the British Saints,(1907) scanned by Google (alphabetized)
Vyanzo vingine[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Bradley, Ian (1999). Celtic Christianity: Making Myths and Chasing Dreams. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748610472. Retrieved on 9 May 2013.
- Brown, Peter. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003).
- Cahill, Thomas. How the Irish Saved Civilization (Anchor, 1996). ISBN 0-385-41849-3
- Charles-Edwards. T. M. Early Christian Ireland (Cambridge, 2000).
- Corning, Caitlin (2006). The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church. Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7299-0.
- Cróinín, Dáibhí Ó. Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200 (London, 1995).
- Davies, Wendy. "The Myth of the Celtic Church", in The Early Church in Wales and the West, Oxbow Monograph, no. 16, edited by Nancy Edwards and Alan Lane, 12–21. (Oxford: Oxbow, 1992).
- (2002) Christ in Celtic Christianity. Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-889-7.
- Hughes, Kathleen (1981). The Celtic Church: Is This a Valid Concept? O'Donnell lectures in Celtic Studies, University of Oxford 1975 1, 1–20.
- Hughes, Kathleen (1966). The Church in Early Irish Society. ISBN 1-59740-067-X.
- Hughes, Kathleen (2005). "The Church in Early Irish Society: 400–800". In Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí. A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland. Oxford University Press.
. http://books.google.com/books?id=DgqOOkVrofcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Google Books link 2
- Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO.
- Lloyd, John Edward (1912). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co.. Retrieved on 17 May 2010.
- McCarthy, Daniel (2003). "On the Shape of the Insular Tonsure". Celtica 24: 140–167. http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/celtica/c24/c24-140-167.pdf. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
- Nordenfalk, Carl. Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600–800. New York: George Braziller, 1977.
- Pächt, Otto. Book Illumination in the Middle Ages (trans fr German), 1986, Harvey Miller Publishers, London, ISBN 0-19-921060-8
- Ryan, John. Irish Monasticism, Origins and Early Development, Talbot Press, Dublin, 1931
- Sharpe, Richard. ‘Some problems concerning the organisation of the Church in early medieval Ireland’, Peritia 3 (1984).
- Wormald, Patrick. The Times of Bede: Studies in Early English Christian Society and its Historian, ed. Stephen Baxter (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006).
- Yorke, Barbara (2006). The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800. London: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-77292-3.
- (1989) 'The Work of Angels', Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th–9th centuries AD. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-0554-6.
Marejeo mengine[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Cahill, Thomas (1996). How the Irish Saved Civilization. Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-41849-3.
- Corning, Caitlin (2006). The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7299-0.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd edition (London: B. T. Batsford Ltd, 1991).