Makanisa ya Kikelti

Msalaba wa Kikelti huko Knock, Ireland. Unapatikana katika sanaa ya Wakristo Wakelti hasa Eire, lakini pia katika sehemu kadhaa za kisiwa cha Britania kama vile juu ya makaburi na katika makanisa.

Makanisa wa Kikelti (au Ukristo wa Kikelti (kwa Kiingereza Celtic Christianity) yalikuweko katika visiwa vya Britania kuanzia karne ya 3 hadi mwanzo wa Karne za kati.

Jina

Jina linatokana na lugha ya Wakelti, wakazi asili wa visiwa hivyo.

Upekee wake

Tofauti kati ya Ukristo wa huko na ule wa Ulaya bara zinapimwa na wataalamu kwa namna mbalimbali. Siku hizi wengi wanaona hazikuwa kubwa sana. Kati yake kuna siku iliyopangwa kuadhimisha Pasaka, namna ya kunyoa wamonaki, utaratibu wa kitubio na juhudi za kuhama nchi ya kuzaliwa "kwa ajili ya Kristo".

Juhudi hizo za mwisho zilifanya hasa wamonaki kutoka visiwani waeneze desturi za Kikelti barani Ulaya; muhimu zaidi kati yake ni ile ya kuungama mara kwa mara kwa padri ili kutunza daima moyo safi.

Hatima

Ukristo wa Kikelti ulipata pigo kubwa katika Sinodi ya Whitby (664), ambapo ufalme wa Northumbria uliamua kufuata desturi za Kanisa la Roma.

Marejeo

Vyanzo vya awali

• Adomnan, Life of Columba, ed. A. O. and M. O. Anderson, 2nd edition (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1991)
• Annales Cambriae, ed. Rev. John Williams ab Ithel (London : Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, 1860)
• Bede, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Angelorum, in Venerabilis Baedae Opera Historica, ed. C. Plummer (Oxford, 1896)
• Cummian, De controversia paschali and De ratione conputandi, eds. Maura Walsh and Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1988), pp. 93–5.
• Gildas, De Excidio Brittaniae, ed. J. A. Giles, Six Old English Chronicles (London, 1848)
• Historia Brittonum, ed. J. A. Giles, Six Old English Chronicles (London, 1848)
• Medieval Handbooks of Penance, eds. J. T. McNeill and H. M. Gamer (New York: Columba University Press, 1939)
• Patrick (Saint), Confessio, ed. and trans. John Skinner (Image, 1998)
• Baring-Gould, S. (Sabine), The Lives of the British Saints,(1907) scanned by Google (alphabetized)

Vyanzo vingine

• Bradley, Ian (1999). Celtic Christianity: Making Myths and Chasing Dreams. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748610472. Retrieved on 9 May 2013. 
• Brown, Peter. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003).
• Cahill, Thomas. How the Irish Saved Civilization (Anchor, 1996). ISBN 0-385-41849-3
• Charles-Edwards. T. M. Early Christian Ireland (Cambridge, 2000).
• Corning, Caitlin (2006). The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church. Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7299-0. 
• Cróinín, Dáibhí Ó. Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200 (London, 1995).
• Davies, Wendy. "The Myth of the Celtic Church", in The Early Church in Wales and the West, Oxbow Monograph, no. 16, edited by Nancy Edwards and Alan Lane, 12–21. (Oxford: Oxbow, 1992).
• (2002) Christ in Celtic Christianity. Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-889-7. 
• Hughes, Kathleen (1981). The Celtic Church: Is This a Valid Concept? O'Donnell lectures in Celtic Studies, University of Oxford 1975 1, 1–20. 
• Hughes, Kathleen (1966). The Church in Early Irish Society. ISBN 1-59740-067-X. 
• Hughes, Kathleen (2005). "The Church in Early Irish Society: 400–800". In Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí. A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland. Oxford University Press.

      . http://books.google.com/books?id=DgqOOkVrofcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Google Books link 2

• Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 
• Lloyd, John Edward (1912). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co.. Retrieved on 17 May 2010. 
• McCarthy, Daniel (2003). "On the Shape of the Insular Tonsure". Celtica 24: 140–167. http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/celtica/c24/c24-140-167.pdf. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
• Nordenfalk, Carl. Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600–800. New York: George Braziller, 1977.
• Pächt, Otto. Book Illumination in the Middle Ages (trans fr German), 1986, Harvey Miller Publishers, London, ISBN 0-19-921060-8
• Ryan, John. Irish Monasticism, Origins and Early Development, Talbot Press, Dublin, 1931
• Sharpe, Richard. ‘Some problems concerning the organisation of the Church in early medieval Ireland’, Peritia 3 (1984).
• Wormald, Patrick. The Times of Bede: Studies in Early English Christian Society and its Historian, ed. Stephen Baxter (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006).
• Yorke, Barbara (2006). The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800. London: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-77292-3. 
• (1989) 'The Work of Angels', Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th–9th centuries AD. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-0554-6. 

Marejeo mengine

• Cahill, Thomas (1996). How the Irish Saved Civilization. Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-41849-3. 
• Corning, Caitlin (2006). The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7299-0. 
• Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd edition (London: B. T. Batsford Ltd, 1991).