Kutangaza watakatifu
Kutangaza watakatifu ni tendo ambalo baadhi ya madhehebu ya Ukristo yanatambua rasmi kwamba muumini aliyefariki dunia alikuwa mtakatifu. Hapo jina lale linandikwa katika orodha maalumu.
Historia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Awali, watu walipewa heshima hii bila kesi yoyote, lakini baadaye zilipangwa taratibu mbalimbali ili kuwa na hakika zaidi.
Wa kwanza kuheshimiwa hivyo walikuwa wafiadini, lakini kufikia karne ya 4 Wakristo wengine walikuwa na sifa kubwa ya kuungama imani yao si kwa kuifia bali kwa kuitekeleza kwa bidii maishani mwao. Mifano ya namna hiyo ni Hilarioni wa Gaza na Efrem wa Syria upande wa mashariki, na Martino wa Tours na Hilari wa Poitiers upande wa magharibi.
Basi, kwa ruhusa ya askofu wa jimbo, majina yao yalianza kutajwa wakati wa liturujia, na makaburi yao yalizidi kutembelewa kama yale ya wafiadini.
Sipriani mfiadini (aliuawa mwaka 258) alidai umakini mkubwa katika kuchunguza ushahidi ili kukubali ukweli wa kifodini chochote.
Augustino wa Hippo (alifariki 430) aliandika juu ya utaratibu uliofuatwa kwao wakati wake kwa kuhusisha maaskofu wote wa kanda ya Kanisa.
Kanisa Katoliki
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Kuanzia karne za kati, katika Kanisa Katoliki uamuzi wa mwisho[1] ni wa Papa tu, na unafuata hatua ndefu ili kupata uthibitisho mkubwa. Uamuzi huo unafanya waumini kuwa na hakika kwamba roho ya aliyetangazwa mtakatifu iko mbinguni, hivyo anaweza kutajwa katika litania ya watakatifu na katika ibada nyingine.
- Jina Mtumishi wa Mungu linatumika hasa[2] kwa waumini wafu ambao maisha yao yameanza kuchunguzwa ili kuona kama hatimaye wataweza kutangazwa watakatifu.[3][4] Jina hilo halimaanishi kuwa kweli mhusika alimtumikia Mungu kiaminifu hadi kifo chake, bali kwamba watu wengiwengi wanaona hivyo, hata askofu wa jimbo alifungua kesi ya kumtangaza mtakatifu.
- Baada ya hatua hiyo kukamilika kwa Papa kuthibitisha ushujaa wa maadili yake yote, au kifodini chake, mtumishi huyo ataanza kuitwa Mstahili heshima.
- Kisha kuthibitisha kwamba muujiza wowote umetokea kwa maombezi yake, Papa atamtangaza mwenye heri.
Kesi hizo katika hatua zote zinasimamiwa na idara maalumu yenye makao makuu huko Vatikani.
Mara chache Mapapa wamekubali heshima ambayo Mkristo aliyekufa tangu muda mrefu na kuitwa na watu "mtakatifu" tangu hapo iendelee rasmi.[7]
Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Taratibu za Waorthodoksi na Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki ni tofauti na hizo juu.
Tarehe 24 Aprili 2015 huko Etchmiadzin, makao makuu ya kiroho ya Waarmenia, Patriarki Katolikosi Karekin II aliwatangaza kwa jumla wananchi waliouawa na Waturuki miaka 100 iliyopita kuwa watakatifu wafiadini. Ndio tangazo kubwa kuliko yote kwa idadi ya wahusika, labda milioni moja na nusu.
Ushirika wa Anglikana
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Waanglikana wanaheshimu watakatifu, lakini mmoja tu, Charles I wa Uingereza aliwahi kutangazwa (mwaka 1660).[8]
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ "Beatification, in the present discipline, differs from canonization in this: that the former implies (1) a locally restricted, not a universal, permission to venerate, which is (2) a mere permission, and no precept; while canonization implies a universal precept" (Beccari, Camillo. "Beatification and Canonization". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Accessed 27 May 2009.).
- ↑ Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum – Vincenzo Criscuolo, Daniel Ols, Robert J. Sarno (ed.), Le Cause dei Santi. Sussidio per lo Studium, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 3rd edition, Rome 2014, p. 342.
- ↑ "Pressing Sainthood for a Beloved Archbishop". (12 December 2004) by Marek Fuchs. The New York Times. Accessed 28 February 2010
- ↑ CONGREGATION FOR THE CAUSES OF SAINTS: NEW PROCEDURES IN THE RITE OF BEATIFICATION
- ↑ "John Paul II declared Venerable, moves one step closer to sainthood". CNA. Retrieved 28 February 2010
- ↑ Mercedarian Missionaries' founder to be beatified. Archived 8 Machi 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 5 October 2006. Saipan Tribune. Retrieved 28 February 2010
- ↑ According to the rules Pope Benedict XIV (regnat 17 August 1740 - 3 May 1758) instituted, there are three conditions for an equipollent canonization: (1) existence of an ancient cultus of the person, (2) a general and constant attestation to the virtues or martyrdom of the person by credible historians, and (3) uninterrupted fame of the person as a worker of miracles.
- ↑ Mitchell, Jolyon (29 Novemba 2012). Martyrdom: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. uk. 99. ISBN 9780191642449.
In 1660 the convocations of Canterbury and York canonized King Charles.
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Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Kemp, Eric Waldram (1948), Canonization and Authority in the Western Church, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Wakatoliki
- Divinus Perfectionis Magister Apostolic Constitution of Pope John Paul II (English)
- Congregation for the Causes of Saints Vatican Website
- Historical Sketch of Canonization Friarsminor.org
Waorthodoksi
- What does "Glorification" mean? Archived 14 Juni 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Fr. Alexey Young
- Glorification of Saints – Russian Orthodox Church Archpriest Georgiy Mitrofanov
- The blood of martyrs is the life-giving seed of Christianity! Glorification of saints in the 20th century
- On the Glorification of Saints Protopresbyter Michael Pomazansky
- Glorification of St. John Maximovitch Archived 7 Machi 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Discussion and photos
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