Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto (Jerez de los Caballeros, Badajoz, Hispania, 1496/1497 hivi [1] - 21 Mei 1542) alikuwa mpelelezi na conqistador kutoka nchini Hispania. Aliongoza msafara wa kwanza wa upelelezi wa Kizungu katika maeneo ya sasa ya Marekani, akiaminiwa alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza aliyefika kwenye mto Mississippi.
Asili yake
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Hernando de Soto alizaliwa na makabaila maskini (hidalgo) huko Extremadura, mkoa wa Hispania wenye umaskini ambako vijana wengi walitafuta njia za kupata utajiri wao mahali pengine. Miji miwili, Badajoz na Jerez de los Caballeros, hutajwa kuwa mahali pake pa kuzaliwa. Katika wosia wake, alitaka kuzikwa huko Jerez de los Caballeros, ambapo watu wengine wa familia yake pia walizikwa. [2]
Kipindi cha maconquistador kilikuja baada ya ushindi wa Wakristo wa rasi ya Iberia juu ya Waislamu Waarabu waliowahi kutawala sehemu kubwa ya Hispania kwa karne kadhaa. Hispania na Ureno zilijaa vijana waliotafuta nafasi ya kupata umaarufu wa kijeshi baada ya Waarabu kushindwa.
Ugunduzi wa nchi mpya ng'ambo ya bahari (ambayo iliaminiwa wakati huo kuwa Mashariki mwa Asia), minong'ono ya utukufu na utajiri ilivuta vijana wengi maskini.
Amerika ya Kati
[hariri | hariri chanzo]De Soto alisafiri kwa jahazi kwenda Amerika mnamo 1514, pamoja na gavana wa kwanza wa Panama, Pedrarias Dávila. Hapo akishiriki katika uvamizi wa Amerika ya Kati, hasa Nikaragua alipokuwa mkuu wa eneo la Leon.
Peru
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mwaka 1530 aliamua kujiunga na msafara wa Francisco Pizarro aliyeelekea Peru akivamia Dola la Inka.
Hadi 1534, de Soto alikuwa gavana wa Cuzco; alipoona hana maendeleo tena alichukua utajiri wote aliowahi kupora akarudi Hispania mnamo 1536.
Kaizari Karoli V alimteua kuwa gavana wa Kuba akampa nafasi ya miaka minne ya kuvamia Amerika ya Kaskazini kwa ajili ya Hispania.
Florida
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mnamo 1539 De Soto pamoja na askari 700 alivuka bahari akaanza uvamizi wa Florida katika eneo la Tampa Bay. De Soto na jeshi lake walitafuta hasa dhahabu jinsi ilivyowahi kupatikana Meksiko na Peru. Kuanzia 1539 hadi 1542 jeshi la De Soto lilipita katika sehemu za kusini za Marekani ya leo lakini bila kukuta hazina walizotegemea. Ukatili wao dhidi ya wenyeji ulilazimisha Wahispania kupiga vita mara kwa mara.
Hatimaye De Soto alifariki kwenye mwambao wa Mto Missisippi. Mabaki ya jeshi lake yalirudi hadi Meksiko walipofika takriban 300 kati ya hao 700 waliowahi kuanza safari.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ "Hernando de Soto", from Encyclopedia Britannica, Online edition. Full article freely available (3 pages: keep clicking "Next page" links).
- ↑ Charles Hudson (1997). Page 39.
Kujisomea zaidi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Chronicles (in English translations)
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Clayton, Lawrence A.; Knight, Vernon James, Jr.; Moore, Edward C. (1993). The De Soto Chronicles, The Expedition of Hernando de Soto to North America in 1539–1543. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-0824-7.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Edward Gaylord Bourne, mhr. (1904). Narratives of the career of Hernando de Soto in the conquest of Florida as told by a knight of Elvas, and in a relation by Luys Hernandez de Biedma, factor of the expedition Volume I. New York: A. S. Barnes and Company. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Novemba 2013.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Edward Gaylord Bourne, mhr. (1904). Narratives of the career of Hernando de Soto in the conquest of Florida as told by a knight of Elvas, and in a relation by Luys Hernandez de Biedma, factor of the expedition Volume II. New York: A. S. Barnes and Company. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Novemba 2013.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca (1881). Florida of the Inca. Philadelphia: Robert M. Lindsay. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-03-04. Iliwekwa mnamo 23 Novemba 2013.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Translated by E. Barnard Shipp. - Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca (1951). The Florida of the Inca. Austin: University of Texas Press. Translated by John and Jeanette Varner.
Histories
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Duncan, David Ewing: Hernando de Soto: A Savage Quest in the Americas; University of Oklahoma Press 1997. ISBN 0-517-58222-8
- Hudson, Charles M., Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun: Hernando De Soto and the South's Ancient Chiefdoms, University of Georgia Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8203-1888-4
- Albert, Steve: Looking Back......Natural Steps; Pinnacle Mountain Community Post 1991.
- Henker, Fred O., M.D. Natural Steps, Arkansas, Arkansas History Commission 1999.
- Jennings, John. (1959) The Golden Eagle. Dell.
- MacQuarie, Kim. (2007) The last days of the Incas. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-6049-X ISBN 978-0-7432-6049-7
- Maura, Juan Francisco. Españolas de ultramar. Valencia: Universidad de Valencia, 2005.
- "American Conquest, The Oldest Record of Native America". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2020-12-02. Iliwekwa mnamo Aprili 20, 2009.
{{cite web}}
: More than one of|accessdate=
na|access-date=
specified (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "The De Soto Chronicles Volume I, by Clayton, Knight, & Moore 1994". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo Februari 28, 2009. Iliwekwa mnamo Aprili 20, 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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