Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 2024
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Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 2024 ulimfanya Donald Trump ashinde kwenye kinyang'anyiro cha vuta nikuvute dhidi ya mpinzani wake ambaye ni makamu wa rais aliye madarakani wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, Kamala Harris.
Uchaguzi huo ni wa 60 katika historia ya chaguzi za nchi hiyo za mihula ya miaka minne-minne, uliofanyika Jumanne, Novemba 5, 2024.[1] Karibu vyombo vyote vikubwa vya habari vilimtabiria ushindi rais wa zamani wa nchi hiyo, Trump, wa chama cha Ripabliki na mgombea mwenza wake, seneta wa Ohio, JD Vance dhidi ya Kamala Harris na Gavana wa Minnesota Tim Walz.[2]
Rejea ya kushangaza
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Donald Trump anakuwa rais wa 47 wa Marekani, Mmarekani wa pili kurejea kuwa rais baada ya kuupoteza hapo katikati na kisha kupata muhula wa pili usio mtawalia. Kwa maana hiyo, Trump anashika namba mbili kwenye awamu za marais wa taifa hilo: 45 na 47[3].
Miaka minne baada ya kuondoka Washington kama mtu aliyesuswa kufuatia jaribio lake la kutaka kupindua matokeo ya uchaguzi wa 2020 ili asalie madarakani, ushindi wake umeyashinda majaribio mawili ya kutaka kumuua: likiwamo jaribio alilonusurika na risasi la Julai 13, 2024, majaribio mawili ya kumng'oa madarakani na msururu wa mashitaka ya jinai juu yake[4].
Maswali mazito
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Ushindi wa kishindo wa Trump umezua maswali mengi yasiyo na majibu ya uhakika, ikiwemo, kama Kamala ameshindwa kwa kuwa yeye ni mwanamke (wagombea urais wa kike wa Marekani hawajawahi kushinda kiti hicho hata wakiwa bora vipi na kutengeneza imani kuwa wamarekani hawataki kuongozwa na mwanamke), au licha ya Wamarekani kuhubiriwa kwa vigezo na sababu kadhaa mbona bado walimchagua Trump au ni kwa kuwa Trump ni tajiri sana kulinganisha na Harris au ni ofa za tajiri mkubwa duniani Elon Musk zilibadili mwelekeo wa kura.[5]
Moja ya majibu yanayokubalika lilitoka kwa mpiga kura mkongwe wa chama cha Ripabliki, Frank Luntz aliyesema kuwa Kamala Harris ameshindwa uchaguzi kwa kuwa alikazania zaidi kwenye kumshambulia Trump kuliko kwenye kutangaza sera zake. "Wapiga kura walikuwa wanayajua yote kumhusu Trump – lakini bado walitaka kujua zaidi kuhusu nini Haris angefanya kwenye siku yake ya kwanza, mwezi wake wa kwanza na mwaka wake wa kwanza katika utawala wake kama rais."[6]
Ilivyokuwa
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mwanzoni, rais anayeondoka madarakani, Joe Biden wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, alikuwa kwenye kinyang'anyiro cha urais akiwa na Harris,[7] na wakawa wagombea wateule wa chama chao waliopita hata kabla ya mkutano maalum wa kuwapitisha wakikutana na kaupinzani kadogo sana;[8] hata hivyo, kile kilichoonekana kuwa ni kufanya vibaya kwenye mdahalo wa urais wa June 2024 dhidi ya Trump, kiliongeza shinikizo kutoka kwa chama chake la kumtaka ajitoe kutokana na utu uzima alionao pamoja na mdororo wa afya yake.[9] Ingawa mwanzoni aliushikilia msimamo wake wa kubaki akigombea, baadae ikatangazwa kuwa Biden ajitoa kwenye uchaguzi mkuu wa Marekani 2024 mnamo Julai 21, na kuwa rais wa kwanza aliye madarakani na kupitishwa kugombea tena kisha kujitoa, tangia kujitoa kwa Lyndon B. Johnson kwenye uchaguzi wa 1968. Biden akairithisha tiketi yake kwa makamu wake wa rais Kamala Harris, ambaye alishapitishwa hapo kabla kuwa mgombea mwenza wa Biden kwenye uchaguzi huohuo mnamo Agosti 5, 2024. Harris akamteua Walz kuwa mgombea mwenza wake.
Trump, ambaye alishindwa kwenye uchaguzi wa 2020 dhidi ya Biden, akagombea tena kwa muhula wa pili usio mtawalia.[10] Alipipitishwa kuwa mgombea kwenye mkutano mkuu wa chama chao wa 2024, kwa pamoja na mgombea mwenza wake, Vance, ikiwa ni baada ya kushinda kwenye chaguzi tangulizi za kichama za mwaka huo. za kuwapata wagombea. Mikutano ya kampeni ya Trump imekuwa ikitoa hoja nyingi za uongo na za kuupotosha umma, ukiwemo "uzushi mkuu" kuwa kura zake kwenye uchaguzi wa 2020 ziliibiwa ndipo akashindwa, na kujihusisha kwenye kampeni za kupinga uhamiaji na kuwatisha waliohamia bila kufuata utaratibu, kadhalika kueneza nadharia za uwepo wa njama mbalimbali. Staili na tabia za Trump, ikiwa ni pamoja na misimamo mikali ya mrengo wa kulia,zilielezwa na wasomi wabobezi kuwa zinavunja ustaarabu wa tangia enzi na enzi wa siasa za Marekani katika namna ambayo haijapata kutokea.[11] Hotuba zake ziliashiria udikteta na zilijaa kauli nyingi za kuwadhalilisha na kuwatweza wapinzani wake wa kisiasa. Mikutano yake ya kampeni na ile ya kujijengea umaarufu ilikuwa na kawaida ya kuwashirikisha wanahistoria na maafisa waliokuwa kwenye utawala wake na kumjengea picha ya kifashisti.
Mnamo Mei 2024, Trump akawa rais mstaafu wa kwanza wa Marekani kuhukumiwa kwa kosa la kijinai baada ya kukutwa na makosa mengi ya uhalifu wa kughushi taarifa za kibiashara zilizohusiana na malipo kwa mwanamke mcheza sinema za watu wazima, Stormy Daniels. Hapo kabla alihusika kwenye kashfa ya uzalilishaji kingono dhidi ya E. Jean Carroll na mashitaka ya kukwepa kodi za kibiashara huko New York. Pia alipigiwa kura mara mbili za kutaka kumng'oa madarakani, mara ya kwanza ilikuwa mwaka 2019 na mara nyingine ilikuwa 2021. Pia ana mashitaka mengine mengi yanayoendelea kumkabili kuhusiana na jaribio lake la kutaka kupindua matokeo ya uchaguzi wa rais 2020, kuhusika kwake kwenye shambulio dhidi ya bunge la Januari 6, Washington, kujaribu kuvuruga uchaguzi kwenye jimbo la Georgia. Trump alinusurika kwenye majaribio mawili ya kutaka kumuua miezi minne kabla ya uchaguzi: Jaribio la kumuua Donald Trump la kwenye mkutano wa Pennsylvania, na la pili ni lile lililotokea kwenye klabu yake ya golf huko Florida.
Majimbo yenye ushindani mkali kiuchaguzi 2024 yalikuwa ni Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, na Wisconsin.[12] Kwa mujibu wa Pew Research,[13] masuala yaliyopewa umuhimu mkubwa na wapiga kura yalikuwa ni (mpangilio: umuhimu wa juu-kushuka chini) uchumi,[14] Huduma za afya za Marekani,[15] demokrasia (hususan kwenye uteuzi wa majaji wa Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani),[16][17] sera ya nje (hususan kuhusu misaada ya Marekani kwa Israeli na uhusika wa Marekani huko Ukraine),[18] uhalifu wa kutumia silaha,[13] uhamiaji,[19][20] sera ya kumiliki silaha,[13] utoaji mimba,[21][22][23]ubaguzi wa rangi na wa asili za watu,[13] na mabadiliko ya tabia nchi.[13][24][25]elimu[26] na haki za LGBTQ wa Marekani [27] pia zilikuwa miongoni mwa masuala ya kampeni. Waliopiga kura karibu wote walilitaja suala la uchumi kuwa ndio kubwa kuliko yote linalowaelekeza wapigeje kura.[14]
Trump na Vance walitangazwa na vyombo vikuu vya habari mapema kabisa asubuhi ya Novemba 6, kuwa wameibuka washindi: wakishinda kwenye kura za baraza la uchaguzi na kwenye kura za umashuhuri kwa wananchi.[28] Harris akakubali kushindwa kwenye kinyang'anyiro hicho kupitia simu aliyompigia Trump,[29] na baadae, siku hiyo hiyo, akatoa hotuba ya kukubali kushindwa.[30][31] Trump alionekana kupata matokeo bora zaidi karibu katika kila jamii za nchi hiyo kulinganisha na alivyofanya katika chaguzi mbili zilizopita, huku jamii za Kihispania zikionesha kuongoza katika uungaji mkono huo.[32][33][34] Muungano wa kikampeni wa Trump ulielezwa kuwa na mwonekano jumuishi zaidi wa jamii za wapiga kura kwa mgombea wa Ripabliki kuliko ilivyopata kutokea katika kipindi cha miongo mingi.[35][36] Mpaka kufikia Novemba 9, Trump ameripotiwa kushinda majimbo sita kati ya saba yenye ushindani mkali kiuchaguzi, kukiwa kumebakia kutangazwa matokeo ya Arizona tu. Trump anakuwa rais wa pili kuchaguliwa kwa kipindi cha pili kisicho mtawalia, miaka 132 baada ya Grover Cleveland kumshinda Benjamin Harrison mnamo 1892; Trump, akiwa na umri wa miaka 78, anaweka pia rekodi ya kuwa mtu mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi kupata kuchaguliwa kuwa rais wa Marekani.[37] Harris naye anaweka rekodi ya kuwa mgombea wa kwanza wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha nchi hiyo kukosa kuongoza kwenye kura za umashuhuri kwa wananchi, tangia apoteze John Kerry mnamo 2004.[28]
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Munson, Olivia (Novemba 1, 2024). "Is Election Day a federal holiday? What to know before decision day 2024". USA Today. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 3, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Trump wins the US Presidency", AP News, 2024-11-06. Retrieved on 2024-11-06.
- ↑ https://time.com/6234562/nonconsecutive-terms-president-grover-cleveland-donald-trump/
- ↑ https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/06/politics/trump-wins-election/index.html?iid=cnn_buildContentRecirc_end_recirc
- ↑ https://time.com/6234562/nonconsecutive-terms-president-grover-cleveland-donald-trump/
- ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjr4l5j2v9do
- ↑ Kinery, Emma (Aprili 25, 2023). "Biden launches 2024 reelection campaign, promising to fulfill economic policy vision". CNBC. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Aprili 25, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Aprili 25, 2023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Donald Trump and Joe Biden Clinch Their Party Nominations", The New York Times, March 13, 2024.
- ↑ Quinn, Melissa; Kim, Ellis (Julai 19, 2024). "More Democrats join wave of lawmakers calling on Biden to drop out of 2024 race". CBS News. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Julai 26, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Agosti 7, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Former President Donald Trump announces a White House bid for 2024". CNN. Novemba 16, 2022. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Januari 15, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Julai 24, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gold, Michael. "Trump Reposts Crude Sexual Remark About Harris on Truth Social", August 28, 2024. "Though he has a history of making crass insults about his opponents, the reposts signal Mr. Trump's willingness to continue to shatter longstanding norms of political speech."
- ↑ "Seven swing states set to decide the 2024 US election" (kwa Kiingereza (Uingereza)). BBC. Agosti 23, 2024. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Julai 24, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Agosti 24, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 "Issues and the 2024 election", Pew Research Center, September 9, 2024.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Cook, Charlie (Machi 2, 2023). "Will 2024 Be About the Economy, or the Candidates?". Cook Political Report. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Machi 25, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Machi 25, 2023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Colvin, Jill; Miller, Zeke (Novemba 27, 2023). "Trump says he will renew efforts to replace 'Obamacare' if he wins a second term". Associated Press. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Desemba 4, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 4, 2023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Americans agree that the 2024 election will be pivotal for democracy, but for different reasons", Associated Press, December 15, 2023.
- ↑ "Saving democracy is central to Biden's campaign messaging. Will it resonate with swing state voters?". CBS News. Februari 18, 2024. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Machi 13, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Machi 13, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Ward, Alexander; Berg, Matt (Oktoba 20, 2023). "2024: The foreign policy election?". Politico. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Novemba 20, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 20, 2023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Sahil, Kapur (Aprili 17, 2024). "7 big issues at stake in the 2024 election". NBC News. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Julai 3, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Aprili 17, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Trump brags about efforts to stymie border talks: 'Please blame it on me'", January 7, 2024.
- ↑ For sources on this, see:
- Edsall, Thomas B.. "How The Right Came To Embrace Intrusive Government", The New York Times, April 12, 2023. "Republicans in states across the country are defiantly pushing for the criminalization of abortion—of the procedure, of abortifacient drugs and of those who travel out of state to terminate pregnancy... According to research provided to The Times by the Kaiser Family Foundation, states that have abortion bans at various early stages of pregnancy with no exception for rape or incest include Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia and Wisconsin."
- Weisman, Jonathan. "Pressured by Their Base on Abortion, Republicans Strain to Find a Way Forward", The New York Times, April 11, 2023.
- Godfrey, Elaine (Mei 4, 2022). "The GOP's Strange Turn Against Rape Exceptions". The Atlantic. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Mei 4, 2022. Iliwekwa mnamo Aprili 7, 2023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- ↑ McCammon, Sarah (Novemba 8, 2023). "Abortion rights win big in 2023 elections, again". NPR. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Desemba 15, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 16, 2023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Saperstone, Jeff; Killilea, TJ (Machi 11, 2024). "Here's why abortion will be such a big issue for the ballot come November". NBC Boston. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Machi 11, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Machi 11, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gongloff, Mark (Januari 30, 2024). "The 2024 election just might turn on ... climate change?". Portland Press Herald. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Februari 13, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 12, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Andreoni, Manuela (Januari 16, 2024). "Climate is on the Ballot Around the World". The New York Times. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Januari 16, 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 16, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Manchester, Julia (Januari 29, 2023). "Republicans see education as winning issue in 2024". The Hill. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Januari 29, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Julai 9, 2023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Here's where the 2024 presidential candidates stand on LGBTQ+ issues". ABC News. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Desemba 6, 2023. Iliwekwa mnamo Desemba 6, 2023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 28.0 28.1 Jachim, Nick (Novemba 6, 2024). "When was the last time the Republican Party won the popular vote?". The Hill.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Harris called Trump to concede US presidential election, aides say", Reuters, November 6, 2024.
- ↑ "Harris to concede to Trump after election loss". BBC. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 6, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "US election 2024 live: Kamala Harris to concede after Donald Trump wins second term as president", November 6, 2024.
- ↑ "'It's simple, really' – why Latinos flocked to Trump's working-class coalition". BBC. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 9, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Karma. "The Strategist Who Predicted Trump’s Multiracial Coalition", November 8, 2024.
- ↑ Samson. "Diverse groups propelled Trump back to the White House: exit polls", November 8, 2024.
- ↑ Stokols, Eli; Wren, Adam; Shepard, Steven; Haberkorn, Jennifer (Novemba 6, 2024). "6 takeaways from Trump's stunning win over Harris". Politico. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 9, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Basu. "Big red shock: Takeaways from Trump's election night romp", November 6, 2024.
- ↑ Hajela, Deepti (Novemba 6, 2024). "Trump isn't first to be second: Grover Cleveland set precedent of non-consecutive presidential terms". Associated Press. Iliwekwa mnamo Novemba 6, 2024.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)