Madonda matakatifu
Madonda matakatifu (kwa Kilatini na Kiingereza Stigmata, wingi wa stigma, kutoka Kigiriki στίγμα) ni jina linalotumiwa na Wakristo kutaja majeraha au maumivu katika viungo vya mwili ambapo Yesu alipatwa na madonda 5 wakati wa kusulubiwa, yaani mikono, miguu na ubavu, lakini pia kichwa na sehemu nyingine alipotiwa taji la miiba au kupigwa mijeledi.
Mtume Paulo mwishoni mwa Barua kwa Wagalatia aliandika, "Mimi nachukua mwilini mwangu chapa (stigmata) za Yesu."[1] kama zile zinazotiwa juu ya mwili wa wanyama au watumwa ili kutambua ni mali ya nani. Inafikiriwa kwamba alikuwa anadokeza alama za mapigo aliyoyapata kwa ajili ya imani yake.
Watu waliopata alama za namna hiyo lakini bila mapigo ya kawaida walitokea hasa katika watawa wa Kanisa Katoliki kama vile Wadominiko na Wafransisko.[2]
Wa kwanza kujulikana ni shemasi Fransisko wa Asizi. Padri wa kwanza ni Pio wa Pietrelcina.
Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ Jones, C.P. (1987) Stigma: Tattooing & Branding in Graeco-Roman Antiquity. J. Roman Studies 77, 139-155.
- ↑ Poulain, A. (1912). Mystical Stigmata. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved July 1, 2008 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14294b.htm
- ↑ Catholic cults and devotions: a psychological inquiry by Michael P. Carroll 1989 ISBN 0-7735-0693-4 pages 80-84
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- The Catholic Encyclopedia The Encyclopedia Press, 1913, Online Edition 2003, K. Knight.
- Boyle, Alan, Science replays the crucifixion, MSNBC, 2005.
- Carroll, Robert Todd, The Skeptics Dictionary, Wiley, 2003.
- Living Miracles - Stigmata Archived 25 Aprili 2007 at the Wayback Machine., Zentropa Real ApS. & Wonders Unlimited, 2005.
- Sadaputa Dasa, Religion and Modern Rationalism: Shifting the Boundary Between Myth and Science, ISKCON Communications Journal #1.2, July/December 1993.
Viungo vya nje[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Stigmata page on Catholic.org Archived 16 Novemba 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
- The Mysticism of Catherine of Siena
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