Afrika ya Kiroma
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Afrika hapo awali lilikuwa jina la jimbo la Dola la Roma katika mwambao wa Mediteranea huko Afrika Kaskazini miaka 146 KK - 698 BK. Eneo lake lilikuwa takriban Tunisia ya kaskazini pamoja na pwani ya Libya ya magharibi na Algeria ya mashariki.
Jimbo lilikuwa maarufu kama "ghala ya ngano" ya Roma.
Watu wa Afrika ya Kaskazini kiasili walikuwa hasa Waberber.
Miji muhimu ilikuwa Karthago na Leptis Magna.
Bara la Afrika limepokea jina lake kutoka jimbo hili. Waarabu waliendelea kutawala eneo lake kwa jina la jimbo la Ifriqiya ambalo ni matamshi yao ya "Afrika".
Jina[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Neno "Afrika" limetokana na lugha ya Kilatini ya Roma ya Kale[1][2] ambalo Waroma kwa jina hilo (Africa Proconsularis) hawakumaanisha bara lote bali eneo la Tunisia ya leo na kandokando yake upande wa Libya na Algeria.
Inasemekana asili ya jina hilo ni kabila la "Afrig" lililoishi sehemu zile,[3] lakini kuna pia maelezo mengine tofautitofauti.
Wakati huo Wagiriki wa Kale walitumia zaidi jina la Libya kwa ajili ya nchi kusini kwa Bahari ya Mediteraneo.
Maeneo ya ndani kuelekea kusini mara nyingi yaliitwa kwa jina la "Ethiopia" linalomaanisha labda nchi ya watu weusiweusi (kwa Kigiriki "aithiops": aliyechomwa na jua).
Katika ramani za kale kutoka Ulaya maneno yote matatu ya "Afrika", "Lybia" na "Ethiopia" yanapatikana yakitumika kama jina la bara zima. Jina la "Afrika" limekuwa la kawaida kuanzia karne ya 16 BK.
Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918). "Afri". In Georges, Heinrich (in German). Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (8th ed.). Hannover. http://latin_german.deacademic.com/1644. Retrieved 20 September 2015. Archived 16 Januari 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "Afer". A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3DAfer. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- ↑ Edward Lipinski, Itineraria Phoenicia, Peeters Publishers, 2004, p. 200. ISBN 90-429-1344-4.
Vyanzo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Leunissen, Paul M. M. (1989). Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (180-235 n. Chr.): prosopographische Untersuchungen zur senatorischen Elite im römischen Kaiserreich. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben. ISBN 978-90-6053-028-3.
Marejeo mengine[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Orietta Dora Cordovana, Segni e immagini del potere tra antico e tardoantico: I Severi e la provincia Africa proconsularis. Seconda edizione rivista ed aggiornata (Catania: Prisma, 2007) (Testi e studi di storia antica)
- Elizabeth Fentress, "Romanizing the Berbers," Past & Present, 190 (2006), pp. 3–33.
- Erich S. Gruen, Rethinking the Other in Antiquity (Princeton, PUP, 2010), pp. 197–222.
- Lennox Manton, Roman North Africa (1988).
- Susan Raven, Rome in Africa, 3rd ed. (London, 1993).
- Duane R. Roller, The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier (New York and London, Routledge, 2003).
- John Stewart, African states and rulers (2006)
- Dick Whittaker, "Ethnic discourses on the frontiers of Roman Africa", in Ton Derks, Nico Roymans (ed.), Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition (Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, 2009) (Amsterdam Archaeological Studies, 13), pp. 189–206.
Viungo vya nje[hariri | hariri chanzo]
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