Yongle

Kaisari Yongle (tamka: yong-luh; 2 Mei 1360 - 12 Agosti 1424) - jina la binafsi Zhu Di (WG: Chu Ti) - alikuwa kaisari wa tatu wa nasaba ya Ming, aliyetawala kuanzia mwaka 1402 hadi 1424.
Zhu Di alikuwa mtoto wa nne wa Kaisari Hongwu aliyeanzisha nasaba ya Ming . Cheo chake cha kwanza kilikuwa Mwanamfalme wa Yan akipewa utawala juu ya eneo la Beijing kaskazini mwa ufalme wa Ming mnamo Mei 1370. Huko alipaswa kupigana dhidi ya Wamongolia wa nasaba ya Yuan ya Kaskazini. Katika mapigano hayo Zhu Di aliweza kuweka msingi wa jeshi lake la binafsi. Baba yake alipomteua mpwa wake Zhu Yunwen kama mfalme mteule alikubali mwanzoni. Lakini baada ya Zhu Yunwen kushika utawala kwa jina la Jianwen na kuanza kuwaua wajomba wake, Zhu Di aliamua kuasi dhidi ya mpwa wake. Mnamo 1402, alifanikiwa kupindua mpwa wake na kuteka mji mkuu wa ufalme Nanjing. Hapo alitangazwa Kaisari akachukua jina la Yongle, inayomaanisha "furaha ya milele".
Ili kuimarisha utawala wake na kukazia uhalali wake mwenyewe, Zhu Di alijaribu kufuta kumbukumbu ya enzi ya Kaisari Jianwen akaamuru kuteketeza au kubadilisha taarifa na hati zilizohusu utoto na uasi wake. Alifukuza wataalamu wengi waliowahi kuhudumia serikali huko Nanjing akatoa mamlaka kubwa kwa polisi wa siri. [1] Kati ya watumishi wapya waliopanda sasa ngazi chini yake alikuwa Zheng He, aliyeendelea baadaye kuzindua safari kubwa za upelelezi katika Bahari ya Pasifiki Kusini na Bahari Hindi hadi Afrika ya Mashariki.
Kaisari aliamua pia kuhamisha mji mkuu kurudi tena Beijing.
Aliagiza kufanya matengenezo kwenye Mfereji Mkubwa wa China ulioendelea kuinua uchumi wa himaya yake. Beijing alielekeza ujenzi wa Mji Haramu.
Kwa kusudi la kuimarisha utawala wake alipanua mfumo wa mitihani ambako kila mgombea kwa huduma ya serikali alipaswa kupita.
Aliagiza pia kutungwa kwa Kamusi Elezo ya Yongle (Yongle Encyclopedia) iliyokuwa kamusi elezo kubwa duniani hadi mwaka 2007 ilipopitiwa na Wikipedia.
Kaisari Yongle aliaga dunia wakati alipoongoza mapigano ya kijeshi dhidi ya Wamongolia. Alizikwa kwenye kaburi la Changling, ambalo ni kaburi la kifalme kubwa zaidi kati ya makaburi ya Ming yaliyopo upande wa kaskazini mwa Beijing.
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ Crawford, Robert B. "Eunuch Power in the Ming Dynasty". T'oung Pao, 2d Series, Vol. 49, Livr. 3 (1961), pp. 115–148. Accessed 9 Oct 2012.
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