Ziwa Maracaibo
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| Nchi zinazopakana | Venezuela |
| Eneo la maji | km2 13,512 |
| Kina cha chini | m 60 |
| Kimo cha uso wa maji juu ya UB |
m 0 |
| Miji mikubwa ufukoni | Maracaibo, Cabimas, Ciudad Ojeda |
Ziwa Maracaibo (Kihispania: Lago de Maracaibo) ni eneo kubwa la maji nchini Venezuela karibu na Bahari ya Atlantiki. Limeunganishwa na Bahari Karibi kwa njia ya mfereji wenye upana wa km 5.5. Kupitia mfereji huo maji ya chumvi hungia ndani yake. Kwa upande mwingine ziwa linalishwa na mito mingi. Upande wa kaskazini maji yake huwa ya chumvi-chumvi, upande wa kusini huwa maji matamu. Hivyo lina tabia ya hori ya bahari lakini pia ya ziwa [1] [2] [3] [4]. Kwa kawaida huitwa "ziwa", si "hori"[5].
Jina lake limetokana na mji wa Maracaibo, ambao upo upande wa mashariki mwa mfereji wa kuingia baharini. Pale Maracaibo mfereji huwa na upana wa km 8.5 ukivukwa kwa daraja refu. [6]
Ziwa Maracaibo huwa na vipimo vya km 160 kwa km 110. Idadi ya mito inayoishia humo ni 135 na mkubwa kati yake ni Mto Catatumbo.
Umuhimu wa uchumi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Meli za baharini zinaweza kuingia ndani ya Ziwa Maracaibo na kupeleka mizigo kwenda bandari za Maracaibo na Cabimas.
Tangu mwaka 1914, mafuta ya petroli yamepatikana katika ziwa. Hadi leo ziwa na mazingira yake ni kitovu cha uzalishaji wa mafuta nchini Venezuela. [7] Takribani robo ya wakazi wa Venezuela wanaishi katika bonde karibu na ziwa. [8]
Shida za mazingira
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Ekolojia ya ziwa huwa na matatizo, Miji mikubwa kando yake humwaga majitaka mle. Pia uzalishaji wa mafuta husababisha mara kwa mara machafuko.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (16 Juni 2016). "Lake Maracaibo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Iliwekwa mnamo 6 Desemba 2016.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Merriam-Webster (2016). Webster's New Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. uk. 727. ISBN 0-87779-446-4.
- ↑ Times Books (2014). Comprehensive Atlas of the World. HarperCollins. uk. 47. ISBN 978-0-00-755140-8.
- ↑ Question Unlimited (2003). "Who Wants to Be a Judge at the National Academic Championship?". National Academic Championship. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-04-06. Iliwekwa mnamo 6 Desemba 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ John C. Murphy. "Marine Invasions by Non-Sea Snakes, with Thoughts on Terrestrial–Aquatic–Marine Transitions". Integr. Comp. Biol. (52 (2)). Oxford Journals Volume 52, Issue 2 Pp. 217-226.: 217–226. doi:10.1093/icb/ics060. Iliwekwa mnamo Mei 10, 2012.
...from Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. The mostly freshwater lake is a remnant of the Orinoco changing course, and has a direct flow of water from the Caribbean through the Strait of Maracaibo and Tablazo Bay.
{{cite journal}}: line feed character in|quote=at position 36 (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Baverstock, Alasdair (11 Machi 2015). "Venezuela's nightly lightning show". The Guardian. Iliwekwa mnamo 19 Aprili 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Boschetti, Tiziano; Angulo, Beatriz; Cabrera, Frank; Vásquez, Jhaisson; Montero, Ramón Luis (2016). "Hydrogeochemical characterization of oilfield waters from southeast Maracaibo Basin (Venezuela): Diagenetic effects on chemical and isotopic composition". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 73: 228–248. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.02.020 – kutoka Elsevier Science Direct.
- ↑ "LakeNet - Lakes". www.worldlakes.org.
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Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Amerika Kusini bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Ziwa Maracaibo kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |