Chotara


Chotara (kutoka Kihindi; pia: suriama kutoka Kiarabu na shombe) ni kiumbe hai ambacho kimetokana na makabila zaidi ya moja ya spishi yake. Kwa mfano, binadamu ambaye alizaliwa na baba Mzungu na mama Mwafrika anaitwa hivyo.[1]
Katika lugha mbalimbali kuna majina maalumu kwa aina za machotara: kwa mfano katika Kihispania kuna Mulato, zambo na mestizo; katika Kireno kuna mulato, caboclo, cafuzo, ainoko na mestiço.
Pengine sensa zinauliza asili ya wakazi, zikiacha nafasi ya kutaja asili zaidi ya moja.
Kundi la pekee ni Machotara wa Afrika Kusini waliotokana na mchanganyiko wa Wazungu, Waafrika na Wamalay na kutengwa chini ya sheria ya apartheid nchini Afrika Kusini.
Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ "Not surprisingly, chemomedical scientists are divided in their opinions about race. Some characterize it as 'biologically meaningless' or 'not based on scientific evidence', whereas others advocate the use of race in making decisions about medical treatment or the design of research studies." Lynn B. Jorde; Stephen P. Wooding (2004). "Genetic variation, classification and 'race'". Nature Genetics 36 (11 Suppl): S28–S33. . . http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v36/n11s/full/ng1435.html. citing (April 1997) An apportionment of human DNA diversity 94, 4516–4519..
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Multiracial Children. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (October 1999). Iliwekwa mnamo 2008-07-14.
- Freyre, Gilberto (1946). The Masters and the Slaves: A Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-520-05665-5. OCLC 7001196. Retrieved on 2008-07-14.
- Joyner, Kara; Kao, Grace (August 2005). "Interracial Relationships and the Transition to Adulthood". American Sociological Review (American Sociological Association) 70 (4): 563–81.
. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asoca/asr/2005/00000070/00000004/art00002. Retrieved 2008-07-14.
Viungo vya nje[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- The Multiracial Activist Archived 13 Agosti 2006 at the Wayback Machine., an online activist publication registered with the Library of Congress, focused on multiracial individuals and interracial families since 1997
- ProjectRACE, an organization leading the movement for a multiracial classification
- Asasi za kutetea haki za chotara
- Association of MultiEthnic Americans, Inc. Archived 13 Agosti 2006 at the Wayback Machine., US
- Blended People of America Archived 4 Februari 2010 at the Wayback Machine., US-based nonprofit organization representing the interests of the mixed-race community
- Brazilian Multiracial Movement, Brazilian mixed-race organization
- The Hafu Project, a study of half-Japanese people, London-, Munich-, Tokyo-based nonprofit organisation
- MAVIN Foundation, an organization advocating for mixed heritage people and families
- Mixed Race UK Archived 17 Juni 2020 at the Wayback Machine., UK-based nonprofit organization representing the interests of the mixed-race community
- Mosiac UK Archived 6 Oktoba 2008 at the Wayback Machine., a UK-based organisation for mixed race families
- People in Harmony UK
- Swirl Archived 11 Agosti 2015 at the Wayback Machine., US-based mixed community
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