Watwa
Mandhari
Uenezi wa Watwa kadiri ya Hewlett & Fancher. Uenezi wa Watwa kadiri ya Stokes. Uenezi wa Watwa kadiri ya Cavalli-Sforza. Uenezi wa Watwa kadiri ya Blench. |
Lugha |
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Watwa (pia: Batwa, Cwa) ni kundi la wabilikimo wa Afrika ya Kati (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda), lakini pia Zambia, Angola, Namibia na Botswana ambao wanaishi kwa kushirikiana na majirani wao wa makabila ya Kibantu.
Kihistoria inafikiriwa kwamba ndio wakazi asili ya misitu ya eneo hilo kabla ya uvamizi wa wakulima[1][2]
Kwa kiasi kikubwa Watwa wamemezwa na makabila hayo ya Kibantu, kwa mfano katika Tanzania ya leo.
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Vansina argues that the original meaning of the (Proto-Bantu) word *twa was "hunter-gatherer, bushpeople", alongside yaka used for the western (Mbuti) pygmies (Bayaka)
- ↑ Vansina, Jan (Oktoba 1990). Paths in the rainforests : toward a history of political tradition in equatorial Africa. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-12574-5.
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Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Kazadi, Ntole (2011). "Meprises et admires: l'ambivalence des relations entre les Bacwa (Pygmees) et les Bahemba (Bantu)". Africa (kwa Kifaransa). 51 (04): 836–847. doi:10.2307/1159357.
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(help) - Francis, Michael (25 Septemba 2015). "Silencing the past: historical and archaeological colonisation of the Southern San in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". Anthropology Southern Africa. 32 (3–4): 106–116. doi:10.1080/23323256.2009.11499985.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Francis, Michael (2011). Downing, John D.H. (mhr.). "Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media". SAGE Publications, Inc.: 172. doi:10.4135/9781412979313.n83. Iliwekwa mnamo 31 Oktoba 2018.
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(help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Francis, Michael (2007). Tomaselli, Keyan (mhr.). "Explorations in Ethnicity and Social Change among Zulu-speaking San Descendents of the Drakensberg Mountains, KwaZulu-Natal" (PhD thesis). Iliwekwa mnamo 31 Oktoba 2018.
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- Mbegu za utamaduni
- Historia ya Afrika
- Makabila ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo
- Makabila ya Zambia
- Makabila ya Botswana
- Makabila ya Namibia
- Makabila ya Angola
- Makabila ya Burundi
- Makabila ya Rwanda