Waaramu
Mandhari
Waaramu (ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ, ʼaramáyé), ni watu wa jamii ya Wasemiti wa kaskazini[1] ambao wanatumia Kiaramu.
Mwishoni mwa kipindi cha shaba (karne ya 11 hadi karne ya 8 KK) waliunda shirikisho la makabila kutoka Syria ya leo.
Bila kuungana kabisa, walianzisha falme kadhaa kote katika Mashariki ya Kati na kuteka sehemu kubwa ya Mesopotamia.
Katika karne nne za kwanza BK walipokea Ukristo kwa namna maalumu yaliyojitokeza hasa katika shemasi Efrem Mshamu.
Baada ya maeneo yao kutekwa na Waarabu Waislamu (karne ya 7) walizidiwa na kupotewa taratibu na lugha na desturi zao. Hata hivyo baadhi wapo hadi leo[2][3][4]
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ "Aramaean (people)". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ↑ "Assyrian people". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2018-09-29. Iliwekwa mnamo 2018-02-24.
- ↑ "Israeli Christians Officially Recognized as Arameans, Not Arabs". Israel Today. Septemba 18, 2014. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2021-03-07. Iliwekwa mnamo 27 Aprili 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Ministry of Interior to Admit Arameans to National Population Registry - Latest News Briefs - Arutz Sheva". Arutz Sheva.
Vyanzo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:
- S. Moscati, 'The Aramaean Ahlamû', FSS, IV (1959), pp. 303–7;
- M. Freiherr Von Oppenheim, Der Tell Halaf, Leipzig, 1931 pp. 71–198;
- M. Freiherr Von Oppenheim, Tell Halaf, III, Die Bauwerke, Berlin, 1950;
- A. Moortgat, Tell Halaf IV, Die Bildwerke, Berlin, 1955;
- B. Hrouda, Tell Halaf IV, Die Kleinfunde aus historischer Zeit, Berlin, 1962;
- G. Roux, Ancient Iraq, London, 1980.
- Beyer, Klaus (1986). "The Aramaic language: its distribution and subdivisions". (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht). ISBN 3-525-53573-2.
- Lipiński, Edward (2000). The Aramaeans: their ancient history, culture, religion (tol. la Illustrated). Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-429-0859-8.
- Spieckermann, Hermann (1999), "Arameans", katika Fahlbusch, Erwin (mhr.), Encyclopedia of Christianity, juz. la 1, Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ku. 114–115, ISBN 0802824137