Bioanuwai

Ramani ya kanda za bioanwai duniani; kanda za tropiki huwa na idadi kubwa ya spishi tofauti

Bioanwai (pia baioanwai; kwa Kiing. biodiversity) ni dhana ya biolojia inayoleenga kueleza wingi wa anwai za spishi za kibiolojia katika mazingira fulani, pamoja na wingi wa jeni katika mimea na wanyama wa eneo fulani.

Umuhimu wa bioanwai

Bioanwai ni muhimu kwa sababu viumbehai wote wanategemeana kwa namna fulani.

• Misitu ni makazi ya wanyama
• Wanyama hula mimea
• Mimea hutegemea udongo wenye tabia fulani kwa ustawi wake
• Fungi zinasaidia kuozesha mimea na wanyama waliokufa
• Wadudu kama nyuki hubeba chavua kutoka mmea mmoja hadi mwingine na hivyo kuwezesha mimea mingi kuzaa
• Kama bioanwai hiyo katika makazi fulani inapungua, uhusiano baina ya pande zake unafifia na pande zote zinaweza kupata hasara.

Bioanwai ni muhimu kwa binadamu kwa namna nyingi. Mimea hutoa oksijeni na kusafisha hewa chafu. Mimea hutoa pia chakula, kivuli, vifaa vya ujenzi, dawa na nyuzi za nguo na karatasi. Mizizi ya mimea inapunguza mmomonyoko na mafuriko. Mimea, fungi na wadudu hutunza rutuba ya udongo na kusafisha maji. Kadri bioanwai inavyopungua, mifumo hiyo inaharibika.

Mfano ni matumizi ya kemikali katika kilimo yaliyolenga wadudu wanaoharibu mazao; lakini dawa hizo zunaathiri wadudu wote; katika nchi zenye matumizi makubwa ya dawa hizo idadi ya wadudu kwa jumla imepungua na kuhatarisha kustawi kwa mimea mingi pamoja na kilimo cha matunda.

Kuelewa na kutunza bioanwai ni shabaha muhimu katika hifadhi ya mazingira.

Viungo vya Nje

Simple English Wiktionary

Wikamusi ya Kiswahili ina maelezo na tafsiri ya maana ya neno:

biodiversity

Wikiquote ina mkusanyiko wa dondoo kuhusu:

Bioanuwai

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Bioanuwai

• NatureServe: This site serves as a portal for accessing several types of publicly available biodiversity data
• Biodiversity Factsheet by the University of Michigan's Center for Sustainable Systems
• Color-coded images of vertebrate biodiversity hotspots

Taarifa

• Biodiversity Synthesis Report (PDF) by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA, 2005)
• Conservation International hotspot map
• The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review 2021
• Zhuravlev, Yu. N., ed. (2000) Стратегия сохранения биоразнообразия Сихотэ-Алиня = A Biodiversity Conservation Strategy for the Sikhote-Alin' Vladivostok: Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch Archived 6 Februari 2016 at the Wayback Machine

Marejeo

• GLOBIO, an ongoing program to map the past, current and future impacts of human activities on biodiversity
• World Map of Biodiversity an interactive map from the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre
• Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON), provides a United States gateway for serving, searching, mapping and downloading integrated species occurrence records from multiple data sources
• Biodiversity Heritage Library – Open access digital library of taxonomic literature.
• Mapping of biodiversity
• Encyclopedia of Life – Documenting all species of life on earth.