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Created by translating the page "Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom"
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Pitio la 15:29, 10 Julai 2021

Date Jurisdiction Description
590–604 Kigezo:Country data Rome Pope Gregory I bans Jews from owning Christian slaves.
7th century Francia Queen Balthild, a former slave, and the Council of Chalon-sur-Saône (644–655) condemn the enslavement of Christians. Balthild purchases slaves, mostly Saxon, and manumits (frees) them.
741–752 Kigezo:Country data Rome Pope Zachary bans the sale of Christian slaves to Muslims, purchases all slaves acquired in the city by Venetian traders, and sets them free.
840 Carolingian Empire

Kigezo:Country data Republic of Venice 		Pactum Lotharii: Venice pledges to neither buy Christian slaves in the Empire, nor sell them to Muslims. Venetian slavers switch to trading Slavs from the East.
873 Christendom Pope John VIII declares the enslavement of fellow Christians a sin and commands their release.[1]
~900 Byzantine Empire Emperor Leo VI the Wise prohibits voluntary self-enslavement and commands that such contracts shall be null and void and punishable by flagellation for both parties to the contract.
922 West Francia The Council of Koblenz equates the enslavement and sale of a Christian with homicide.[2]
956 Goryeo Dynasty (Korea) Slaves were freed on a large scale in 956 by the Goryeo dynasty. Gwangjong of Goryeo proclaimed the Slave and Land Act, an act that "deprived nobles of much of their manpower in the form of slaves and purged the old nobility, the meritorious subjects and their offspring and military lineages in great numbers".
960 Kigezo:Country data Republic of Venice Slave trade banned in the city under the rule of Doge Pietro IV Candiano.
1080 Kigezo:Flagicon image Norman England William the Conqueror prohibits the sale of any person to "heathens" (non-Christians) as slaves.
1100 Kigezo:Flagicon image Normandy Serfdom no longer present.
1102 Kigezo:Flagicon image Norman England The Council of London bans the slave trade: "Let no one dare hereafter to engage in the infamous business, prevalent in England, of selling men like animals."[3]
c. 1160 Kigezo:Flagicon image Norway The Gulating bans the sale of house slaves out of the country.[onesha uthibitisho]
1171 Kigezo:Country data Lordship of Ireland All English slaves in the island freed by the Council of Armagh.
1198 Kigezo:Flagicon image France Trinitarian Order founded with the purpose of redeeming war captives.
1214 Korčula The Statute of the Town abolishes slavery.[4]
1218 Kigezo:Country data Catalonia Aragon Mercedarians founded in Barcelona with the purpose of ransoming poor Christians enslaved by Muslims.
~1220 Kigezo:Flagicon image Holy Roman Empire The Sachsenspiegel, the most influential German code of law from the Middle Ages, condemns slavery as a violation of man's likeness to God.[5]
1245 Kigezo:Country data Catalonia Aragon James I bans Jews from owning Christian slaves, but allows them to own Muslims and Pagans.
1256 Kigezo:Country data Bologna Liber Paradisus promulgated. Slavery and serfdom abolished, all serfs in the commune are released.
1274 Norway Landslov (Land's Law) mentions only former slaves, implying that slavery was abolished in Norway.
1315 France Louis X publishes a decree abolishing slavery and proclaiming that "France signifies freedom", that any slave setting foot on French ground should be freed.[6] However some limited cases of slavery continued until the 17th century in some of France's Mediterranean harbours in Provence, as well as until the 18th century in some of France's overseas territories.[7] Most aspects of serfdom are also eliminated de facto between 1315 and 1318.[8]
1318 France King Philip V abolishes serfdom in his domain.[9]
1335 Sweden Slavery abolished (including Sweden's territory in Finland). However, slaves are not banned entry into the country until 1813.[10] In the 18th and 19th centuries, slavery was practiced in the Swedish-ruled Caribbean island of Saint Barthélemy. Sweden never practiced serfdom, except in a few territories it later acquired which were ruled under a local legal code.
1347 Kigezo:Flagicon image Poland The Statutes of Casimir the Great issued in Wiślica emancipate all non-free people.[11]
1368 Ming Dynasty The Hongwu Emperor abolishes all forms of slavery,[12] but it continues across China. Later rulers, as a way of limiting slavery in the absence of a prohibition, pass a decree that limits the number of slaves per household and extracts a severe tax from slave owners.[13]
1416 Kigezo:Country data Ragusa Slavery and slave trade abolished.
1423 Kigezo:Flagicon image Poland King orders to free all Christian slaves.[14]
1435 Kigezo:Flagicon image Canary Islands Pope Eugene IV's Sicut Dudum bans enslavement of Christians in the Canary Islands on pain of excommunication.[15] However non-Christian Guanches can still be enslaved.
1441 Bendera ya Ureno Portugal First slaves captured in Africa were brought to Portugal.
1477 Kigezo:Country data Crown of Castile Castile Isabella I bans slavery in newly conquered territories.
1480 Galicia Remnant serfdom abolished by the Catholic Monarchs.
1486 Kigezo:Country data Crown of Aragon Aragon Ferdinand II promulgates the Sentence of Guadalupe, abolishing Carolingian-remnant serfdom (remença) in Old Catalonia.
1490 Kigezo:Country data Crown of Castile Castile After a long court case, the Catholic Monarchs order that all La Gomera natives enslaved in the aftermath of the 1488 rebellion must be freed and returned to the island at Conquistador Pedro de Vera's expense. De Vera is also relieved from his post as Governor of Gran Canaria in 1491.
1493 Queen Isabella bans the enslavement of Native Americans unless they are hostile or cannibalistic. Native Americans are ruled to be subjects of the Crown. Columbus is preempted from selling Indian captives in Seville and those already sold are tracked, purchased from their buyers and released.

Kukomeshwa kwa utumwa kulitokea kwa nyakati tofauti katika nchi tofauti. Ilitokea mara kwa mara mfululizo katika hatua zaidi ya moja - kwa mfano, kama kukomesha biashara ya watumwa katika nchi fulani, na kisha kukomesha utumwa katika milki zote. Kila hatua kawaida ilikuwa matokeo ya sheria tofauti au kitendo. Ratiba ya nyakati hii inaonyesha sheria za kukomesha au vitendo vilivyoorodheshwa kwa mpangilio. Pia inashughulikia kukomesha serfdom .

Ingawa utumwa ni kinyume cha sheria katika nchi zote leo, hali zinazolingana na utumwa zinaendelea katika maeneo mengi ulimwenguni, haswa barani Afrika na Asia, mara nyingi kwa msaada wa serikali. [16]

Nyakati za kale

Wakati wa kale, jamii kadhaa huko Ulaya na Mashariki ya Kati zilidhibiti utumwa wa deni na utaratibu wa kufanana wa huduma ya deni (ambako mwia anaweza kudai kazi ya lazima kutoka kwa mdaiwa katika ulipaji wa deni lake; hapo mdaiwa hakuwa mtumwa rasmi na hakutazamiwa kama mali kamili, kama vile kumilikiwa daima, kuuzwa kwenye soko, au kuvuliwa jamii ).

Mabadiliko yaliyoorodheshwa hapa ni pamoja na sheria za Solon huko Athene, Lex Poetelia Papiria katika Jamhuri ya Roma, au kanuni zilizoainishwa katika Biblia ya Kiebrania katika Kitabu cha Kumbukumbu la Torati kwa ujumla zilidhibiti usambazaji wa watumwa na wahudumu wa deni kwa kukataza au kudhibiti utumwa wa vikundi fulani vyenye upendeleo (kwa hivyo, mageuzi ya Kirumi yalilinda raia wa Kirumi, mageuzi ya Athene yalilinda raia wa Athene, na sheria katika Kumbukumbu la Torati zilithibitisha uhuru kwa Mwebrania baada ya muda maalum wa huduma), lakini hakuna hata mmoja aliyekomesha utumwa kimsingi. Kanuni zote hazikuhusu wageni au wale wasiotazamiwa kuwa raia.

Tarehe Mamlaka Maelezo
Mapema karne ya sita KK Polis ya Athene Solon mtoa sheria wa sheria anafutilia mbali utumwa wa deni la raia wa Athene na kuwaachilia raia wote wa Athene ambao hapo awali walikuwa wametumwa. [17] [18] Utumwa wa mavazi ya Athene uliendelea kutekelezwa, na kupoteza dhamana ya deni kama chanzo kinachoshindana cha kazi ya lazima inaweza hata kuchochea utumwa kuwa muhimu zaidi katika uchumi wa Athene tangu sasa. [19]
Karne ya 3 KK Dola la Maurya Mfalme wa India Ashoka anafutilia mbali biashara ya watumwa na anahimiza watu kuwatendea watumwa vizuri. [20]
326 KK Jamhuri ya Kirumi Lex Poetelia Papiria afuta mikataba ya Nexum, aina ya kuahidi utumwa wa deni la raia maskini wa Kirumi kwa wadai matajiri kama usalama wa mikopo. Utumwa wa Chattel haukukomeshwa, na utumwa wa Kirumi ungeendelea kushamiri kwa karne nyingi.
9–12 BK Nasaba ya Xin (China ya kale) Wang Mang, mfalme wa kwanza na wa pekee wa Nasaba ya Xin, alinyakua kiti cha enzi cha China na kuanzisha mfululizo wa mageuzi makubwa, pamoja na kukomesha utumwa na mageuzi makubwa ya ardhi kutoka 9-12 BK [12] [21] Walakini, mageuzi haya na mengine aligeuza hisia maarufu na za wasomi dhidi ya Wang Mang, na utumwa ulirejeshwa baada ya kuuawa na umati wa watu wenye hasira mnamo 23 AD

Nyakati za Kati

NB: Marekebisho mengi yaliyoorodheshwa yalirudishwa nyuma katika karne zilizofuata.
Date Jurisdiction Description
590–604 Kigezo:Country data Rome Pope Gregory I bans Jews from owning Christian slaves.
7th century Francia Queen Balthild, a former slave, and the Council of Chalon-sur-Saône (644–655) condemn the enslavement of Christians. Balthild purchases slaves, mostly Saxon, and manumits (frees) them.
741–752 Kigezo:Country data Rome Pope Zachary bans the sale of Christian slaves to Muslims, purchases all slaves acquired in the city by Venetian traders, and sets them free.
840 Carolingian Empire

Kigezo:Country data Republic of Venice 		Pactum Lotharii: Venice pledges to neither buy Christian slaves in the Empire, nor sell them to Muslims. Venetian slavers switch to trading Slavs from the East.
873 Christendom Pope John VIII declares the enslavement of fellow Christians a sin and commands their release.[22]
~900 Byzantine Empire Emperor Leo VI the Wise prohibits voluntary self-enslavement and commands that such contracts shall be null and void and punishable by flagellation for both parties to the contract.
922 West Francia The Council of Koblenz equates the enslavement and sale of a Christian with homicide.[2]
956 Goryeo Dynasty (Korea) Slaves were freed on a large scale in 956 by the Goryeo dynasty. Gwangjong of Goryeo proclaimed the Slave and Land Act, an act that "deprived nobles of much of their manpower in the form of slaves and purged the old nobility, the meritorious subjects and their offspring and military lineages in great numbers".
960 Kigezo:Country data Republic of Venice Slave trade banned in the city under the rule of Doge Pietro IV Candiano.
1080 Kigezo:Flagicon image Norman England William the Conqueror prohibits the sale of any person to "heathens" (non-Christians) as slaves.
1100 Kigezo:Flagicon image Normandy Serfdom no longer present.
1102 Kigezo:Flagicon image Norman England The Council of London bans the slave trade: "Let no one dare hereafter to engage in the infamous business, prevalent in England, of selling men like animals."[23]
c. 1160 Kigezo:Flagicon image Norway The Gulating bans the sale of house slaves out of the country.[onesha uthibitisho]
1171 Kigezo:Country data Lordship of Ireland All English slaves in the island freed by the Council of Armagh.
1198 Kigezo:Flagicon image France Trinitarian Order founded with the purpose of redeeming war captives.
1214 Korčula The Statute of the Town abolishes slavery.[24]
1218 Kigezo:Country data Catalonia Aragon Mercedarians founded in Barcelona with the purpose of ransoming poor Christians enslaved by Muslims.
~1220 Kigezo:Flagicon image Holy Roman Empire The Sachsenspiegel, the most influential German code of law from the Middle Ages, condemns slavery as a violation of man's likeness to God.[25]
1245 Kigezo:Country data Catalonia Aragon James I bans Jews from owning Christian slaves, but allows them to own Muslims and Pagans.
1256 Kigezo:Country data Bologna Liber Paradisus promulgated. Slavery and serfdom abolished, all serfs in the commune are released.
1274 Norway Landslov (Land's Law) mentions only former slaves, implying that slavery was abolished in Norway.
1315 France Louis X publishes a decree abolishing slavery and proclaiming that "France signifies freedom", that any slave setting foot on French ground should be freed.[26] However some limited cases of slavery continued until the 17th century in some of France's Mediterranean harbours in Provence, as well as until the 18th century in some of France's overseas territories.[7] Most aspects of serfdom are also eliminated de facto between 1315 and 1318.[8]
1318 France King Philip V abolishes serfdom in his domain.[27]
1335 Sweden Slavery abolished (including Sweden's territory in Finland). However, slaves are not banned entry into the country until 1813.[28] In the 18th and 19th centuries, slavery was practiced in the Swedish-ruled Caribbean island of Saint Barthélemy. Sweden never practiced serfdom, except in a few territories it later acquired which were ruled under a local legal code.
1347 Kigezo:Flagicon image Poland The Statutes of Casimir the Great issued in Wiślica emancipate all non-free people.[11]
1368 Ming Dynasty The Hongwu Emperor abolishes all forms of slavery,[12] but it continues across China. Later rulers, as a way of limiting slavery in the absence of a prohibition, pass a decree that limits the number of slaves per household and extracts a severe tax from slave owners.[13]
1416 Kigezo:Country data Ragusa Slavery and slave trade abolished.
1423 Kigezo:Flagicon image Poland King orders to free all Christian slaves.[14]
1435 Kigezo:Flagicon image Canary Islands Pope Eugene IV's Sicut Dudum bans enslavement of Christians in the Canary Islands on pain of excommunication.[29] However non-Christian Guanches can still be enslaved.
1441 Bendera ya Ureno Portugal First slaves captured in Africa were brought to Portugal.
1477 Kigezo:Country data Crown of Castile Castile Isabella I bans slavery in newly conquered territories.
1480 Galicia Remnant serfdom abolished by the Catholic Monarchs.
1486 Kigezo:Country data Crown of Aragon Aragon Ferdinand II promulgates the Sentence of Guadalupe, abolishing Carolingian-remnant serfdom (remença) in Old Catalonia.
1490 Kigezo:Country data Crown of Castile Castile After a long court case, the Catholic Monarchs order that all La Gomera natives enslaved in the aftermath of the 1488 rebellion must be freed and returned to the island at Conquistador Pedro de Vera's expense. De Vera is also relieved from his post as Governor of Gran Canaria in 1491.
1493 Queen Isabella bans the enslavement of Native Americans unless they are hostile or cannibalistic. Native Americans are ruled to be subjects of the Crown. Columbus is preempted from selling Indian captives in Seville and those already sold are tracked, purchased from their buyers and released.
  1. ↑ Denzinger, Heinrich P. (2012). Compendium of Creeds, Definitions, and Declarations on Matters of Faith and Morals. Santa Francisco, California: Ignatius Press. uk. 229. ISBN 978-0-89870-746-5.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Internet History Sourcebooks Project". sourcebooks.fordham.edu."Internet History Sourcebooks Project". sourcebooks.fordham.edu. Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sourcebooks.fordham.edu" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Pijper, Frederik (1909). "The Christian Church and Slavery in the Middle Ages". The American Historical Review. 14 (4). American Historical Association: 681. doi:10.1086/ahr/14.4.675. JSTOR 1837055.
  4. ↑ "Statute of Korcula from 1214 – Large Print". Korculainfo.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 16 Machi 2013. Iliwekwa mnamo 2013-08-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. ↑ Backhaus, Jürgen (2012-05-31). Hans A. Frambach in Jürgen Georg Backhaus: "The Liberation of the Serfs". uk. 33. ISBN 9781461400851. Iliwekwa mnamo 2013-08-28.
  6. ↑ Miller, Christopher L. (11 Januari 2008). The French Atlantic triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade. uk. 20. ISBN 978-0822341512. Iliwekwa mnamo 2013-08-28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 David Eltis; Keith Bradley; Paul Cartledge (25 Julai 2011). The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420 – AD 1804. Cambridge University Press. ku. 142–143–326–327–331–332–333–602. ISBN 978-0-521-84068-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)David Eltis; Keith Bradley; Paul Cartledge (25 July 2011). The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420 – AD 1804. Cambridge University Press. pp. 142–143–326–327–331–332–333–602. ISBN 978-0-521-84068-2. Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name "EltisBradley2011" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Disappearance of Serfdom. France. England. Italy. Germany. Spain". www.1902encyclopedia.com. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Machi 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)"Disappearance of Serfdom. France. England. Italy. Germany. Spain". www.1902encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018. Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name "encyclopedia1" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ PITTORESQUE, LA FRANCE (2018-01-23). "23 janvier 1318 : le roi Philippe V affranchit les serfs de ses domaines". La France pittoresque. Histoire de France, Patrimoine, Tourisme, Gastronomie (kwa Kifaransa). Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-03-20.
  10. ↑ John Roach; Jürgen Thomaneck (1985). Police and public order in Europe. Taylor & Francis. uk. 256. ISBN 978-0-7099-2242-1.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Samuel Augustus Mitchell (1859). A general view of the world: comprising a physical, political, and statistical account of its grand divisions ... with their empires, kingdoms, republics, principalities, &c.: exhibiting the history of geographical science and the progress of discovery to the present time ... Illustrated by upwards of nine hundred engravings ... H. Cowperthwait & Co. uk. 335. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 Aprili 2012.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)Samuel Augustus Mitchell (1859). A general view of the world: comprising a physical, political, and statistical account of its grand divisions ... with their empires, kingdoms, republics, principalities, &c.: exhibiting the history of geographical science and the progress of discovery to the present time ... Illustrated by upwards of nine hundred engravings ... H. Cowperthwait & Co. p. 335. Retrieved 1 April 2012. Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Mitchell1859" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2011. uk. 155. ISBN 9780313331435.Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2011. p. 155. ISBN 9780313331435. Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Greenwood Publishing Group" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2011. uk. 156. ISBN 9780313331435.Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2011. p. 156. ISBN 9780313331435. Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Encyclopedia1" defined multiple times with different content
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Mizerski, Witold (2013). Tablice historyczne (kwa Polish). Warsaw: adamantan. uk. 113. ISBN 978-83-7350-246-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)Mizerski, Witold (2013). Tablice historyczne (in Polish). Warsaw: adamantan. p. 113. ISBN 978-83-7350-246-8. Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  15. ↑ "Sicut Dudum Pope Eugene IV – January 13, 1435 – Papal Encyclicals". papalencyclicals.net. 13 Januari 1435. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Machi 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  16. ↑ https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/data/maps/#prevalence
  17. ↑ Athenaion Politeia 12.4, quoting Solon s:Athenian Constitution#12
  18. ↑ Garland, Robert (2008). Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization. New York City, New York: Sterling. uk. 13. ISBN 978-1-4549-0908-8.
  19. ↑ Finley, M. I. (1980). Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology. New York: Viking Press. uk. 78.
  20. ↑ Siddharth Kara (10 Oktoba 2017). Modern Slavery: A Global Perspective. Columbia University Press. uk. 18. ISBN 978-0-231-52802-3. Ashoka outlawed the slave trade in the Mauryan Empire{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  21. ↑ Harcourt Education (Desemba 2006). Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. ISBN 9780313036736. Iliwekwa mnamo 2013-08-28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  22. ↑ Denzinger, Heinrich P. (2012). Compendium of Creeds, Definitions, and Declarations on Matters of Faith and Morals. Santa Francisco, California: Ignatius Press. uk. 229. ISBN 978-0-89870-746-5.
  23. ↑ Pijper, Frederik (1909). "The Christian Church and Slavery in the Middle Ages". The American Historical Review. 14 (4). American Historical Association: 681. doi:10.1086/ahr/14.4.675. JSTOR 1837055.
  24. ↑ "Statute of Korcula from 1214 – Large Print". Korculainfo.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 16 Machi 2013. Iliwekwa mnamo 2013-08-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  25. ↑ Backhaus, Jürgen (2012-05-31). Hans A. Frambach in Jürgen Georg Backhaus: "The Liberation of the Serfs". uk. 33. ISBN 9781461400851. Iliwekwa mnamo 2013-08-28.
  26. ↑ Miller, Christopher L. (11 Januari 2008). The French Atlantic triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade. uk. 20. ISBN 978-0822341512. Iliwekwa mnamo 2013-08-28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  27. ↑ PITTORESQUE, LA FRANCE (2018-01-23). "23 janvier 1318 : le roi Philippe V affranchit les serfs de ses domaines". La France pittoresque. Histoire de France, Patrimoine, Tourisme, Gastronomie (kwa Kifaransa). Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-03-20.
  28. ↑ John Roach; Jürgen Thomaneck (1985). Police and public order in Europe. Taylor & Francis. uk. 256. ISBN 978-0-7099-2242-1.
  29. ↑ "Sicut Dudum Pope Eugene IV – January 13, 1435 – Papal Encyclicals". papalencyclicals.net. 13 Januari 1435. Iliwekwa mnamo 21 Machi 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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