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Umaksi

Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru
(Elekezwa kutoka Umakisti)
Karl Marx

Umaksi (pia: Umarksi, Umarx, kwa Kiingereza Marxism) ni falsafa ambayo inafuata uyakinifu na inakusudia kuleta maendeleo ya haraka katika jamii kuanzia uchumi unaotazamwa kuwa msingi wa mahusiano yote.

Lengo kuu ni kuondoa matabaka katika jamii na kuleta usawa katika ya binadamu. Njia ni kuwawezesha wanyonge kudai haki zao kwa kuungana na kuleta mapinduzi dhidi ya wanyonyaji.

Katikati ya karne ya 19, waanzilishi wa jitihada hizo walikuwa Wajerumani wawili: Karl Marx na Friedrich Engels. Jina Umaksi linatokana na wa kwanza kati yao, Marx.

Umaksi uliendelezwa na watu mbalimbali hasa katika karne ya 20 kadiri siasa hiyo ilivyozidi kuenea duniani, hadi kuongoza maisha ya theluthi ya binadamu wote. Kati yao, Vladimir Ilich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin nchini Urusi na Mao Zedong huko China. Katika Umoja wa Kisovyeti na nchi zilizotawaliwa na Wakomunisti mabadiliko ya fundisho hili yaliitwa Umaksi-Ulenin (Marxism-Leninism) na kuwa itikadi rasmi.

Baada ya ukomunisti kushindikana Ulaya Mashariki pamoja na Urusi kusambaratika (1989), mvuto wa falsafa hiyo umepungua sana.

  • Bourne, Peter G. (1986). Fidel: A Biography of Fidel Castro. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authorformat= ignored (help)
  • Callinicos, Alex (2010) [1983]. The Revolutionary Ideas of Karl Marx. Bloomsbury, London: Bookmarks. ISBN 978-1-905192-68-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authorformat= ignored (help)
  • Castro, Fidel; Ramonet, Ignacio (interviewer) (2009). My Life: A Spoken Autobiography. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-1-4165-6233-7. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |authorformat= ignored (help)
  • Coltman, Leycester (2003). The Real Fidel Castro. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10760-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authorformat= ignored (help)
  • Green, Sally (1981). Prehistorian: A Biography of V. Gordon Childe. Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire: Moonraker Press. ISBN 0-239-00206-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authorformat= ignored (help)
  • Lenin, Vladimir (1967) [1913]. Karl Marx: A Brief Biographical Sketch with an Exposition of Marxism. Peking: Foreign Languages Press. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-06-17. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |nopp= (help); Unknown parameter |authorformat= ignored (help)
  • Marx, Karl (1849). Wage Labour and Capital. Germany: Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-06-17. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |nopp= (help); Unknown parameter |authorformat= ignored (help)
  • Trigger, Bruce G. (2007). A History of Archaeological Thought (tol. la 2nd). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-60049-1. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |nopp= (help); Unknown parameter |authorformat= ignored (help)

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