Tertuliani

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Tertuliani

Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus (160 hivi – 225 hivi),[1] alikuwa padri na mwandishi maarufu wa Ukristo wa mwanzoni kutoka Karthago, mji wa mkoa wa Afrika katika Dola la Roma, leo nchini Tunisia.[2]

Ndiye Mkristo wa kwanza aliyeandika sana kwa Kilatini, akiathiri fasihi yote iliyofuata hasa kwa misamiati yake mipya, hasa kuhusu fumbo la Utatu Mtakatifu[3] akaitwa "mwanzilishi wa teolojia ya Magharibi."[4]

Katika maandishi yake anajitokeza kama mtetezi wa imani pamoja na kupinga uzushi, ingawa ukali wa itikadi yake hatimaye ulimfanya ajitenge na Kanisa Katoliki[5].

Habari chache tulizonazo kuhusu maisha yake yanapatikana hasa katika maandishi yake.

Maandishi[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Opera omnia, 1598

Yanapatikana katika magombo 1–2 ya Patrologia Latina, na matoleo ya kisasa zaidi katika Corpus Christianorum Latinorum.

Utetezi wa imani
Hoja dhidi ya wengine
  • De Oratione.
  • De Baptismo.
  • De Poenitentia.
  • De Patientia.
  • Ad Uxorem libri duo.
  • De Cultu Feminarum lib. II.
Mafundisho ya imani
  • De Corona Militis.
  • De Fuga in Persecutione.
  • Adversus Gnosticos Scorpiace.
  • Adversus Praxeam.
  • Adversus Hermogenem.
  • Adversus Marcionem libri V.
  • Adversus Valentinianos.
  • Adversus Judaeos.
  • De Anima.
  • De Carne Christi.
  • De Resurrectione Carnis.
Maadili
  • De velandis Virginibus.
  • De Exhortatione Castitatis.
  • De Monogamia.
  • De Jejuniis.
  • De Pudicitia.
  • De Pallio.

Kadiri ya tarehe[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Orodha hii ilipendekezwa na John Kaye, askofu wa Lincoln katika karne ya 19[6]

Ya alipokuwa Mkatoliki (labda):

  • 1. De Poenitentia (Of Repentance)
  • 2. De Oratione (Of Prayer)
  • 3. De Baptismo (Of Baptism)
  • 4.,5. Ad Uxorem, lib. I & II, (To His Wife),
  • 6. Ad Martyras (To the Martyrs),
  • 7. De Patientia (Of Patience)
  • 8. Adversus Judaeos (Reply to the Jews)
  • 9. De Praescriptione Haereticorum (Prescription against Heretics),

Yasiyobainika:

  • 10. Apologeticus pro Christianis (Apology for the Christians)
  • 11.,12. ad Nationes, lib. I & II (To the Nations)
  • 13. De Testimonio animae (On the Witness of the Soul)
  • 14. De Pallio (Of the Ascetic Mantle)
  • 15. Adversus Hermogenem (Against Hermogenes)

Ya baada ya kujitenga (labda):

  • 16. Adversus Valentinianus (Against the Valentinians)
  • 17. ad Scapulam (To Scapula, Proconsul of Africa),
  • 18. De Spectaculis (Of the Games),
  • 19. De Idololatria (Of Idolatry)
  • 20., 21. De cultu Feminarum, lib. I & II (Of Women's Dress)

Ya baada ya kujitenga:

  • 22. Adversus Marcionem, lib I (Against Marcion, Bk. I),
  • 23. Adversus Marcionem, lib II
  • 24. De Anima (Of the Soul),
  • 25. Adversus Marcionem, lib III
  • 26. Adversus Marcionem, lib IV
  • 27. De Carne Christi (Of the Flesh of Christ),
  • 28. De Resurrectione Carnis (Of the Resurrection of Flesh)
  • 29. Adversus Marcionem, lib V
  • 30. Adversus Praxean (Against Praxeas),
  • 31. Scorpiace (Antidote to Scorpion's Bite)
  • 32. De Corona Militis (Of the Soldier's Garland),
  • 33. De velandis Virginibus (Of Veiling Virgins),
  • 34. De Exhortatione Castitatis (Of Exhortation to Chastity),
  • 35. De Fuga in Persecutione (Of Flight in Persecution)
  • 36. De Monogamia (Of Monogamy)
  • 37. De Jejuniis, adversus psychicos (Of Fasting, against the materialists),
  • 38. De Puditicia (Of Modesty)

Maandishi yenye shaka[hariri | hariri chanzo]

  • 1. Adversus Omnes Haereses (Against all Heresies) – poss. Victorinus of Pettau
  • 2 De execrandis gentium diis (On the Execrable Gods of the Heathens)
  • 3 Carmen adversus Marcionem (Poem against Marcion)
  • 4 Carmen de Iona Propheta (Poem about the Prophet Jonas) – poss. Cyprianus Gallus
  • 5 Carmen de Sodoma (Poem about Sodom) – poss. Cyprianus Gallus
  • 6 Carmen de Genesi (Poem about Genesis)
  • 7 Carmen de Judicio Domini (Poem about the Judgment of the Lord)

Tazama pia[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]

  1. T.D.Barnes, Tertullian: a literary and historical study, Oxford, 1971
  2. T. D. Barnes, Tertullian: a Historical and Literary Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), 58.
  3. Ekonomou 2007
  4. Justo L. Gonzáles, The Story of Christianity, Volume 1: The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2010), 91–93.
  5. https://dacb.org/stories/tunisia/tertullian/
  6. cf. J.Kaye, 1845, The Ecclesiastical History of the Second and Third Centuries. List here as reproduced in Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, editors, 1867–1872, Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translation of the Writings of the Fathers, Down to AD 325, Vol. 18, p. xii-xiii

Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]

  • Initial text of article from The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Philip Schaff, public domain
  • This Holy Seed: Faith, Hope and Love in the Early Churches of North Africa Robin Daniel, (Chester, Tamarisk Publications, 2010: from www.opaltrust.org) ISBN 095385634.
  • T.D.Barnes, Tertullian: A literary and historical study Oxford, 1971; reprinted with appendix of revisions 1985.
  • Ekonomou, Andrew J. 2007. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752. Lexington Books.

Viungo vya nje[hariri | hariri chanzo]

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