Mjane

Valentina Visconti wa Milano akimuombolezea mume wake Louis I wa Orleans, alivyochorwa na Fleury-François Richard.

Mjane ni mtu aliyewahi kuwa na mwenzi wa ndoa, halafu akafiwa asioe tena ama asiolewe na mwingine.

Ni tofauti na yule asiyewahi kufunga ndoa (ambaye anaweza kuitwa vizuri zaidi mseja au, akiwa mwanamume, hata kapera, ingawa jina hilo la mwisho pengine linaelekea uhuni kidogo) na yule aliyetoa ama kupata talaka (anayeitwa mtaliki).

Wajane wa kike

Kutokana na ubaguzi wa kijinsia, zamani wajane wa kike walikosa haki nyingi, inavyoonekana katika Biblia. Kitabu hicho cha dini kinawataja pamoja na mayatima kati ya watu maskini zaidi ambao Mungu ndiye mtetezi wao.

Pengine hali hiyo inadumu hata leo katika aina kadhaa za utamaduni, kwa mfano huko India.

Marejeo

• Carolyn Osiek, "The Widow as Altar: The Rise and Fall of a Symbol," Second Century: A Journal of Early Christian Studies, 3,3 (1983), 159-169.
• Bonnie Bowman Thurston. The Widows: A Women's Ministry in the Early Church. Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1989.
• Major, Andrea. Sati: A Historical Anthology. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007. 463. Print.
• Owen, Margaret. A World of Widows. Illustrated. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Zed Books, 1996. 181-183. eBook.
• Kruse, Britta-Juliane. Witwen. Kulturgeschichte eines Standes in Spätmittelalter und Früher Neuzeit. Berlin, de Gryter, 2007.
• Janet L. Nelson, "The wary widow," in Eadem, Courts, Elites, and Gendered Power in the Early Middle Ages: Charlemagne and Others. Aldershot, Ashgate, 2007 (Variorum Collected Studies Series: CS878).
• Sevak, Purvi, David R. Weir, and Robert J. Willis. "The Economic Consequences of a Husband's Death: Evidence from the HRS and AHEAD." Social Security Bulletin 65.3 (2003): 31-44. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 14 Sept. 2010.
• Behrendt, Stephen C. "Women without Men: Barbara Hofland and the Economics of Widowhood." Eighteenth Century Fiction 17.3 (2005): 481-508. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 14 Sept. 2010.
• "Imagine...." Widows' Rights International. Web. 14 Sep 2010. <http://www.widowsrights.org/index.htm Ilihifadhiwa 14 Aprili 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine.>.
• Elia, Nada. Trances, Dances, and Vociferations: Agency and Resistance in Africana Women's Narratives. New York: Garland Pub, 2001. Internet resource.
• Francis,Mary. "The Sisterhood of Widows" 2010 <http://www.thesisterhoodofwidows.com>.

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Mjane

• Grief's Journey (focuses on spousal loss)
• theWiddahood.com Ilihifadhiwa 15 Desemba 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• American Widow Project Ilihifadhiwa 5 Septemba 2019 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Sixteen widows share their stories
• Help and tips for Widows and Widowers
• The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE) (online Ilihifadhiwa 7 Oktoba 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine.)

India

• India's invisible widows, divorcees and single women – BBC, March 7, 2014.
• A story about Indian widows from CNN.com, July 5, 2007.
• Ill-treatment of Widows in India, February 9, 2014.