Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein alivyopigwa picha na Oren Turner, 1947.

Albert Einstein (14 Machi 1879 – 18 Aprili 1955) alikuwa mwanafizikia mwenye asili ya Kiyahudi kutoka nchi ya Ujerumani.

Hasa anajulikana kwa nadharia ya uhusianifu.

Mwaka 1921 alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia.

Mwaka 1933 alipoona kuwa Hitler aliteka utawala nchini Ujerumani, aliamua kubaki Marekani alipokuwa amekwenda, na hatimaye alipata uraia wa huko mwaka 1940.

Maandishi yake ya kisayansi

• Einstein, Albert (1901), "Folgerungen aus den Capillaritätserscheinungen (Conclusions Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity)", Annalen der Physik 4 (3): 513, Bibcode:1901AnP...309..513E, doi:10.1002/andp.19013090306 
• Einstein, Albert (1905a), "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt (On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light)", Annalen der Physik 17 (6): 132–148, Bibcode:1905AnP...322..132E, doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607  This annus mirabilis paper on the photoelectric effect was received by Annalen der Physik 18 March.
• Einstein, Albert (1905b), A new determination of molecular dimensions . This PhD thesis was completed 30 April and submitted 20 July.
• Einstein, Albert (1905c), "On the Motion – Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat – of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid", Annalen der Physik 17 (8): 549–560, Bibcode:1905AnP...322..549E, doi:10.1002/andp.19053220806 . This annus mirabilis paper on Brownian motion was received 11 May.
• Einstein, Albert (1905d), "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", Annalen der Physik 17 (10): 891–921, Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E, doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004 . This annus mirabilis paper on special relativity was received 30 June.
• Einstein, Albert (1905e), "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", Annalen der Physik 18 (13): 639–641, Bibcode:1905AnP...323..639E, doi:10.1002/andp.19053231314 . This annus mirabilis paper on mass-energy equivalence was received 27 September.
• Einstein, Albert (1915), "Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation (The Field Equations of Gravitation)", Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften: 844–847 
• Einstein, Albert (1917a), "Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity)", Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften 
• Einstein, Albert (1917b), "Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Mechanics of Radiation)", Physikalische Zeitschrift 18: 121–128, Bibcode:1917PhyZ...18..121E 
• Einstein, Albert (11 July 1923), "Fundamental Ideas and Problems of the Theory of Relativity", Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901–1921, Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, archived from the original on 2007-02-10, retrieved 25 March 2007 
• Einstein, Albert (1924), "Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases (Quantum theory of monatomic ideal gases)", Sitzungsberichte der Preussichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Physikalisch-Mathematische Klasse: 261–267 . First of a series of papers on this topic.
• Einstein, Albert (1926), "Die Ursache der Mäanderbildung der Flussläufe und des sogenannten Baerschen Gesetzes", Die Naturwissenschaften 14 (11): 223–224, Bibcode:1926NW.....14..223E, doi:10.1007/BF01510300 . On Baer's law and meanders in the courses of rivers.
• Einstein, Albert; Podolsky, Boris; Rosen, Nathan (15 May 1935), "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?", Physical Review 47 (10): 777–780, Bibcode:1935PhRv...47..777E, doi:10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 
• Einstein, Albert (1940), "On Science and Religion", Nature (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic) 146 (3706): 605, Bibcode:1940Natur.146..605E, ISBN 0-7073-0453-9, doi:10.1038/146605a0 
• Einstein, Albert et al. (4 December 1948), "To the editors", New York Times (Melville, NY: AIP, American Inst. of Physics), ISBN 0-7354-0359-7, archived from the original on 2007-12-17, retrieved 2013-03-06 
• Einstein, Albert (May 1949), "Why Socialism?", Monthly Review, archived from the original on 2006-01-11, retrieved 16 January 2006 
• Einstein, Albert (1950), "On the Generalized Theory of Gravitation", Scientific American, CLXXXII (4): 13–17 
• Einstein, Albert (1954), Ideas and Opinions, New York: Random House, ISBN 0-517-00393-7 
• Einstein, Albert (1969), Albert Einstein, Hedwig und Max Born: Briefwechsel 1916–1955 (in German), Munich: Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, ISBN 3-88682-005-X 
• Einstein, Albert (1979), Autobiographical Notes, Paul Arthur Schilpp (Centennial ed.), Chicago: Open Court, ISBN 0-87548-352-6 . The chasing a light beam thought experiment is described on pages 48–51.
• Collected Papers: Stachel, John, Martin J. Klein, a. J. Kox, Michel Janssen, R. Schulmann, Diana Komos Buchwald and others (Eds.) (1987–2006), The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 1–10, Princeton University Press, archived from the original on 2013-02-17, retrieved 2013-03-06  Further information about the volumes published so far can be found on the webpages of the Einstein Papers Project and on the Princeton University Press Einstein Page

Marejeo mengine

• Brian, Denis (1996). Einstein: A Life. New York: John Wiley.
• Clark, Ronald (1971). Einstein: The Life and Times. New York: Avon Books.
• Fölsing, Albrecht (1997): Albert Einstein: A Biography. New York: Penguin Viking. (Translated and abridged from the German by Ewald Osers.) ISBN 978-0670855452
• (1993) The Private Lives of Albert Einstein. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-16744-9. 
• Hoffmann, Banesh, with the collaboration of Helen Dukas (1972): Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon Ltd. ISBN 978-0670111817
• Isaacson, Walter (2007): Einstein: His Life and Universe. Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, New York. ISBN 978-0-7432-6473-0
• Moring, Gary (2004): The complete idiot's guide to understanding Einstein ( 1st ed. 2000). Indianapolis IN: Alpha books (Macmillan USA). ISBN 0-02-863180-3
• Pais, Abraham (1982): Subtle is the Lord: The science and the life of Albert Einstein. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198539070. The definitive biography to date.
• Pais, Abraham (1994): Einstein Lived Here. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-192-80672-6
• Parker, Barry (2000): Einstein's Brainchild: Relativity Made Relatively Easy!. Prometheus Books. Illustrated by Lori Scoffield-Beer. A review of Einstein's career and accomplishments, written for the lay public. ISBN 978-1591025221
• Schweber, Sylvan S. (2008): Einstein and Oppenheimer: The Meaning of Genius. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02828-9.
• Oppenheimer, J.R. (1971): "On Albert Einstein," p. 8–12 in Science and synthesis: an international colloquium organized by Unesco on the tenth anniversary of the death of Albert Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin, Springer-Verlag, 1971, 208 pp. (Lecture delivered at the UNESCO House in Paris on 13 December 1965.) Also published in The New York Review of Books, 17 March 1966, On Albert Einstein by Robert Oppenheimer

Viungo vya nje

• Ideas and Opinions, Einstein's letters and speeches Archived 10 Mei 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Full text, Crown Publishers (1954) 384 pages
• Einstein's Scholar Google profile
• Works by Albert Einstein (public domain in Canada)
• The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, April 1997, retrieved 14 June 2009 
• Why Socialism? by Albert Einstein, Monthly Review, May 1949
• Einstein's Personal Correspondence: Religion, Politics, The Holocaust, and Philosophy Archived 15 Machi 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Shapell Manuscript Foundation
• FBI file on Albert Einstein
• Nobelprize.org Biography:Albert Einstein
• The Einstein You Never Knew — slideshow by Life magazine
• Albert Einstein — videos
• Science Odyssey People And Discoveries
• MIT OpenCourseWare STS.042J/8.225J: Einstein, Oppenheimer, Feynman: Physics in the 20th century — free study course that explores the changing roles of physics and physicists during the 20th century
• Albert Einstein Archives Online (80,000+ Documents)Archived 11 Agosti 2011 at the Wayback Machine. (MSNBC - 19 March 2012)
• Einstein's declaration of intention for American citizenship from the World Digital Library

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