Alice Kinloch

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Alice Kinloch alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu, mzungumzaji wa hadhara, na mwandishi wa Afrika Kusini ambaye alianzisha Umoja wa Afrika huko London mwaka wa 1897, na kuandaa Mkutano wa Pan-African mwaka wa 1900. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Alice alikuwa anajitahidi kuwajumuisha Waafrika na hili likamtia taji la kuwa mwanamke shupavu sana kwa umahiri wake.

Maisha[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Alice Victoria Alexander Kinloch alizaliwa huko Cape Town, Afrika Kusini mnamo 1863. Familia yake ilihamia Kimberley karibu miaka ya 1870. Katika mwezi wa Juni 1885, aliolewa na Edmund Ndosa Kinloch katika kanisa la St Cyprian huko Kimberley. [7] [8]

Baada ya muda Alice alisafiri kuenda Uingereza mwaka wa 1895 ambapo aliungana na Aborigines Protection Society [APS].

Mwanaharakati huyu alizungumza na wanaharakati mbalimbali kwa madhumuni ya kujaribu kuitetea haki za haswa wale wa Afrika Kusini.

Alipopata nafasi, alisisitizia utetezi wa haki haswa alipokuwa Uingeresa.

Alisafiri hadi Uingereza mnamo 1895 na akajiunga na Jumuiya ya Ulinzi ya Waaborigines (APS), shirika kuu la kukomesha na haki za binadamu. Kama mwakilishi wa APS, alizungumza na hadhira kubwa huko London, Newcastle, York, na Manchester. Katika majukwaa nchini Uingereza, alijadili hali ya Afrika Kusini. Mada yake ilikuwa "kutendewa vibaya kwa watu wa kiasili kote Afrika Kusini, hasa Mumu wa Mchanganyiko unaopatikana katika wilaya zote za uchimbaji madini". [9] [8] [10]

Baadaye, alichapisha kitabu kiitwacho "Je, Almasi za Afrika Kusini Zinastahili Gharama Yake?" Kama sehemu ya ripoti hiyo, alielezea hali ya maisha kwenye misombo ya uchimbaji madini kama "kama ya watumwa" na alibishana dhidi ya sheria za kupita huko Natal. [11] [10] [12]

Kinloch aliunda African Association mwaka wa 1897 akiwa na mawakili watarajiwa Henry Sylvester-Williams na Thomas John Thompson kutoka Trinidad na Sierra Leone. Kama mweka hazina wa Jumuiya ya Kiafrika, Kinloch alirejea Afrika Kusini mnamo Februari 1898 na, pamoja na Jumuiya ya Kiafrika, aliandaa Kongamano la kwanza la Pan-Afrika mnamo 1900. [13] [14] [15] [16]

Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]

  1. ↑ Killingray, David (September 2012). "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers". South African Historical Journal 64 (3): 393–417. ISSN 0258-2473. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ↑ "On the Political Constitution", Our Republican Constitution (Hart Publishing), 2005, ISBN 978-1-4725-5967-8, doi:10.5040/9781472559678.ch-001, iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-03 
  3. ↑ "Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock". Black Plaque Project (kwa en-US). Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-03. 
  4. ↑ Mbete, Sithembile (2021-10-28). "On, South Africa, race and the making of international relations, the Francesco Giucciardini prize forum". Cambridge Review of International Affairs: 1–4. ISSN 0955-7571. doi:10.1080/09557571.2021.1994314. 
  5. ↑ Adi, Hakim (2019-05-23). "Women and Pan-Africanism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (kwa Kiingereza). doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-03. 
  6. ↑ Aspinall, Peter J.; Chinouya, Martha J. (2016), "African Communities in Britain", The African Diaspora Population in Britain (kwa Kiingereza) (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK): 1–9, ISBN 978-1-137-45653-3, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-45654-0_1, iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-05 
  7. ↑ Killingray, David (September 2012). "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers". South African Historical Journal 64 (3): 393–417. ISSN 0258-2473. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock". Black Plaque Project (kwa en-US). Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-03.  Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ "On the Political Constitution", Our Republican Constitution (Hart Publishing), 2005, ISBN 978-1-4725-5967-8, doi:10.5040/9781472559678.ch-001, iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-03 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Adi, Hakim (2019-05-23). "Women and Pan-Africanism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (kwa Kiingereza). doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-03.  Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ Killingray, David (September 2012). "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers". South African Historical Journal 64 (3): 393–417. ISSN 0258-2473. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ↑ Aspinall, Peter J.; Chinouya, Martha J. (2016), "African Communities in Britain", The African Diaspora Population in Britain (kwa Kiingereza) (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK): 1–9, ISBN 978-1-137-45653-3, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-45654-0_1, iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-05 
  13. ↑ Killingray, David (September 2012). "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers". South African Historical Journal 64 (3): 393–417. ISSN 0258-2473. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ↑ "On the Political Constitution", Our Republican Constitution (Hart Publishing), 2005, ISBN 978-1-4725-5967-8, doi:10.5040/9781472559678.ch-001, iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-03 
  15. ↑ Mbete, Sithembile (2021-10-28). "On, South Africa, race and the making of international relations, the Francesco Giucciardini prize forum". Cambridge Review of International Affairs: 1–4. ISSN 0955-7571. doi:10.1080/09557571.2021.1994314. 
  16. ↑ Aspinall, Peter J.; Chinouya, Martha J. (2016), "African Communities in Britain", The African Diaspora Population in Britain (kwa Kiingereza) (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK): 1–9, ISBN 978-1-137-45653-3, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-45654-0_1, iliwekwa mnamo 2021-11-05 
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