Solidarity
Mandhari

Solidarity (Kiswahili: "Mshikamano") ulikuwa muungano wa kibiashara wa Kipoland, ambao mpaka 1989 jukumu muhimu katika kupinga utawala wa Kikomunisti nchini Poland uliokuwa ukichezwa. Wanahistoria wa Mshikamano tewens kuonekana kama moja ya vipengele muhimu katika anguko la Ukomunisti katika Ukanda wa Mashariki. Hadi 2001 kiilikuwa chama kikubwa kabisa cha kisiasa. Kiongozi wa mshikamano huu ni rais wa zamani wa Poland Mh. Lech Wałęsa.
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Polish Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- Solidarity official English homepage
- Presentation The Solidarity Phenomenon Ilihifadhiwa 22 Februari 2007 kwenye Wayback Machine. (PL, EN, DE, FR, ES, RU)
- FAES The Polish trade Union Solidarity and the European idea of freedom Ilihifadhiwa 24 Julai 2009 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Solidarity 25th Anniversary Press Center
- International Conference 'From Solidarity to Freedom' Ilihifadhiwa 4 Aprili 2019 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Advice for East German propagandists on how to deal with the Solidarity movement Ilihifadhiwa 12 Oktoba 2012 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- The Birth of Solidarity on BBC
- Solidarity, Freedom and Economical Crisis in Poland, 1980-81 Ilihifadhiwa 8 Machi 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- The rise of Solidarność, Colin Barker, International Socialism, Issue: 108
- Arch Puddington, How American Unions Helps Solidarity Win Ilihifadhiwa 18 Septemba 2009 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Solidarity Lost, by Daniel Singer
- (Kipoland) Solidarity Center Fundation - Fundacja Centrum Solidarności
- A Simple Way to Learn an Old Song Ilihifadhiwa 6 Oktoba 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine. A radio programme about the song "Mury", the anthem of Solidarność. In Russian with English transcript
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