Mgodi wa makaa mawe wa Carmichael
Mgodi wa makaa ya mawe wa Carmichael ni mgodi unaopatikana huko Queensland, Australia ambao ulizalisha shehena yake ya kwanza ya makaa mawe mnamo Desemba 2021. [1]
Mgodi huo ulikosolewa kwa athari zake za kimazingira kwenye Mwamba mkubwa wa kizuizi, matumizi ya maji na utoaji wa hewa chafu kupitia makaa. [2] Masuala mengine yenye utata ni faida zake za kiuchumi zinazodaiwa, [3] uwezekano wa kifedha na matumizi ya ufadhili wa walipa kodi.
Awali mgodi huo ulipangwa kuzalisha tani milioni 60 za makaa mawe kwa mwaka, hata hivyo ugumu wa ufadhili ulisababisha kupungua kwa mgodi uliopangwa kuzalisha tani milioni 10 kwa mwaka. [4] [5] [6] Makaa ya joto yanayozalishwa na mgodi yanatabiriwa kuwa na majivu 11% na kuwa na thamani ya wastani ya 5,000-5,500 kcal/kg. [7] Makaa ya mawe yamepangwa kusafirishwa kwa reli (pamoja na njia ya reli ya Goonyella ) hadi bandari za Hay Point na Abbot Point . [8]
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ "Opponents fume as Adani celebrates first coal export from Carmichael Mine". ABC News (kwa Australian English). 29 Desemba 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Septemba 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Template error: argument title is required.
- ↑ Molyneaux, L.; Wagner, L.; Foster, J. (Aprili 2016). "Rural electrification in India: Galilee Basin coal versus decentralised renewable energy micro grids" (PDF). Renewable Energy. 89: 422–436. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.12.002.
{{cite journal}}:|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project: Project Overview". Completed EIS projects. Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning. 9 Julai 2014. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 18 Machi 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Agosti 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Carmichael Mine | Bravus Mining & Resources". Carmichael Mine | Bravus Mining & Resources (kwa Kiingereza). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2022-03-25. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-10-10.
- ↑ "Adani's new mini version of its mega mine still faces some big hurdles". 3 Desemba 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Mineral Resources (Galilee Basin) Amendment Bill 2018" (PDF). 56th Parliament, State Development, Natural Resources and Agricultural Industry Development Committee. Report No. 26: 7. Aprili 2019.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project". Adani Mining. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 14 Agosti 2014. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Agosti 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)