Nenda kwa yaliyomo

Amoxicillin

Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru
International nonproprietary name (INN):
Mr. Ibrahem/Amoxicillin
Clinical data
Pronunciation /əˌmɒksɪˈsɪlɪn/
Trade names Hundreds of names
Synonyms Amoxycillin, amox, amoxycillin (AAN AU)
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a685001
License data
Pregnancy

category
  • AU: A
Routes of

administration
By mouth, intravenous
Drug class β-lactam antibiotic
Legal status
Legal status
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 95% by mouth
Metabolism less than 30% biotransformed in liver
Elimination half-life 61.3 minutes
Excretion Kidneys
Identifiers
  • (2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-Amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Chemical and physical data
Formula C16H19N3O5S
Molar mass 365.40 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density 1.6±0.1  g/cm3
  • O=C(O)[C@@H]2N3C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](c1ccc(O)cc1)N)[C@H]3SC2(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C16H19N3O5S/c1-16(2)11(15(23)24)19-13(22)10(14(19)25-16)18-12(21)9(17)7-3-5-8(20)6-4-7/h3-6,9-11,14,20H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,21)(H,23,24)/t9-,10-,11+,14-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-NJBDSQKTSA-N checkY
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Amoxicillin ni antibiotiki inayotumika kutibu magonjwa kadhaa ya bakteria.[1] Haya ni pamoja na maambukizi ya sikio la kati, maambukizi ya koo kutokana na bakteria aina ya Streptococcus (strep throat), nimonia, maambukizi ya ngozi, na maambukizi ya mfumo wa mkojo miongoni mwa mengine.[2][1] Inachukuliwa kwa mdomo, au chini ya kawaida kwa sindano.[1][3]

Madhara mabaya ya kawaida ni pamoja na kichefuchefu na upele.[1] Inaweza pia kuongeza hatari ya maambukizo ya chachu na, ikitumiwa pamoja na asidi ya clavulanic inasababisha kuhara.[4] Haipaswi kutumiwa kwa wale ambao wana mzio wa penicillin.[1] Ingawa inaweza kutumika kwa wale walio na matatizo ya figo, lakini dozi inahitajika kupunguzwa.[1] Matumizi yake katika ujauzito na kunyonyesha hayaonekani kuwa na madhara.[1] Amoksilini iko katika familia ya antibiotiki ya beta-lactam.[1]

Amoksilini iligunduliwa mwaka wa 1958 na kuanza kutumika katika matibabu mwaka wa 1972.[5][6] Iko kwenye Orodha ya Dawa Muhimu ya Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni.[7] Amoksilini ni moja ya dawa za antibiotiki zinazotolewa kwa watoto mara kwa mara.[8] Amoksilini inapatikana kama dawa ya kawaida na ni ya bei nafuu.[1] Mnamo mwaka wa 2017, ilikuwa dawa ya 18 inayoagizwa zaidi nchini Marekani, ikiwa na maagizo zaidi ya milioni 27.[9][10]

Marejeleo

[hariri | hariri chanzo]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Amoxicillin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 5 Septemba 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 Agosti 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)"Amoxicillin".
  2. Ritter, James M.; Flower, Rod; Henderson, Graeme; Loke, Yoon Kong; Robinson, Emma; Fullerton, James (2024). "52. Antibacterial drugs". Rang & Dale's Pharmacology (kwa English) (tol. la 10th). Elsevier. uk. 707. ISBN 978-0-7020-7448-6. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2024-02-10. Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-01-30.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. "Amoxicillin Sodium for Injection". EMC. 10 Februari 2016. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 27 Oktoba 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Oktoba 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Gillies, M; Ranakusuma, A; Hoffmann, T; Thorning, S; McGuire, T; Glasziou, P; Del Mar, C (17 Novemba 2014). "Common harms from amoxicillin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials for any indication". CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal. 187 (1): E21–31. doi:10.1503/cmaj.140848. PMC 4284189. PMID 25404399.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery (kwa Kiingereza). John Wiley & Sons. uk. 490. ISBN 9783527607495. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-09-08.
  6. Roy, Jiben (2012). An introduction to pharmaceutical sciences production, chemistry, techniques and technology. Cambridge: Woodhead Pub. uk. 239. ISBN 9781908818041. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-09-08.
  7. World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  8. Kelly, Deirdre (2008). Diseases of the liver and biliary system in children (tol. la 3). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. uk. 217. ISBN 9781444300543. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-09-08.
  9. "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 18 Machi 2020. Iliwekwa mnamo 11 Aprili 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  10. "Amoxicillin Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 1 Desemba 1981. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 11 Aprili 2020. Iliwekwa mnamo 11 Aprili 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)