Majadiliano:Historia ya Wasangu

Nitashukuru kwa maelezo je vyanzo vya matini hii ni vipi? Nina mashaka kuhusu picha tunayopewa hapa kuhusu Amrani bin Masudi; sijaona penginepo habari za mipango ya Waarabu kutafuta utawala juu ya Tanganyika. Amrani bin Masudi alikuwa na makao yake Tabora na hapo alipaswa kukimbia mbele ya Mirambo wakati huyu alishambulia Tabora kwenye mwaka 1872. Naongeza hapa chini matini ya Iliffe kuhusu Tanganyika kusini (John Iliffe, A Modern History of Tanganyika, pp 56-57) kabla ya kufika kwa Wajerumani:

the Sangu.

Their history is little known but they were apparently organised into a military force in the 1830s by a petty chief , Merere I Mwahavanga, probably in response to coastal ivory-traders. The Sangu were then attacked by the Ngoni and adopted their weapons and tactics, which enabled them to dominate the Southern Highlands until about i860, when Merere I’s death led to civil war.2

Meanwhile other groups imitated the Sangu example. One, the Kinamanga family, ruled Utemekwira, on the south-eastern edge of the Iringa plateau. During the 1860s- possibly in reaction to the flight northwards of the Ndendeuli - they took control of the upper Kilombero valley, forcing the Pogoro to take refuge on the Mahenge plateau.3

Another figure was meanwhile emerging on the central Iringa plateau. This was Munyigumba of the Muyinga family, one of some fifteen ruling families among the peoples who were to become the Hehe. The Muyinga were hereditary rulers of the Nguruhe chiefdom. Munyigumba and his father extended their territory by marriage into neighbouring clans. From this base, Munyigumba, who probably acceded between 1855 and i860, gradually conquered and incorporated the remainder of northern and central Uhehe and created the nucleus of a unified state. In the process - or possibly slightly later - his followers, hitherto tributary to the Sangu, adopted Ngoni military tactics from them, even borrowing Sangu regimental names and the praise-names of the Sangu chief.4

By the late 1860s the politics of the Southern Highlands were widening into a regional contest between Mshope, Usangu (now emerged strengthened from civil war), Utemekwira, and Uhehe.

The Sangu were eliminated first. Attacked by Munyigumba, Merere II abandoned his capital in 1874 and retreated westwards to Usafwa, where he forced the loosely-organised peoples to build him a massive stone fortress near modern Mbeya.

Munyigumba next turned on the Kinamanga, overwhelming them in 1875 at the battle of Mgodamtitu and driving them from the plateau into their newly-acquired territory in the Kilombero valley. Hehe and Ngoni then faced each other. War began in 1878 when the Hehe invaded Mshope and ended in 1882 in a peace of exhaustion which partitioned Ubena between them. For the next ten years they avoided conflict. Chabruma of Mshope raided eastwards outside the southern borders of Uhehe. Munyigumba’s son Mkwawa expanded his power northwards towards the central caravan route. When the Germans arrived there in 1890, the Hehe were the dominant power in southern Tanganyika.

Kipala (majadiliano) 22:01, 14 Februari 2018 (UTC)

Asante kwa habari hizo. Mimi nilichukua katika ukurasa juu ya Wasangu ambao nadhani ulitokana na utafiti binafsi wa mmojawao. Sina shida ukipenda kurekebisha au kufuta kabisa. Shalom! --Riccardo Riccioni (majadiliano) 12:52, 15 Februari 2018 (UTC)