Sheng

Sheng ni lugha ya mitaani nchini Kenya inayochanganya Kiswahili na Kiingereza pamoja na lugha mbalimbali za kienyeji kama vile Kikikuyu, Kijaluo n.k. Sanasana hutumiwa na vijana katika mji wa Nairobi. Hata hivyo lugha hii inasambaa katika sehemu mbalimbali za Kenya na watu wa matabaka mbalimbali wanaitumia. Sheng inatumiwa kwenye mabasi, redio, muziki, na hata wakati mwingine kwenye bunge la Kenya.

Sheng ilianza kutumika mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970 katika kitongoji cha Eastlands katika jiji la Nairobi. Wanamuziki, hasa wa mtindo wa "rap" wamefanya lugha hii kujulikana na kuanza kukubalika. Wanamuziki kama vile Kalamashaka jua kali na Nonini wamekuwa wakiitumia sana kwenye nyimbo zao.

Ingawa misamiati mingi, muundo, na kanuni za Sheng zinatoka kwenye lugha ya Kiswahili, Sheng inatumia maneno ya Kiingereza na pia lugha za makabila nchini Kenya. Ingawa kuna watu wengi wanaoipenda na kuitetea Sheng, wako wengine, wakiwemo walimu wa lugha shuleni na vyuoni, wanaoipinga kwa maelezo kuwa inaharibu lugha ya Kiswahili na pia inahatarisha uwezo wa watoto na vijana kumudu Kiingereza na Kiswahili sanifu.

Baadhi ya maneno ya Sheng

manzi, slay queen mshi, dame, chikidee, chile, chick, mradi, mresh, msupa = msichana
fiti!, fiti sana! = mzuri, okay
Kanairo = Nairobi
sasa = habari yako (ya sasa, ya saa hizi)
chali, mhi, kijanaa, aguy, jamaa = mvulana
kitu zii sana = kitu kibaya
kucheki = kuangalia
kuenda tao = kuenda mjini
kukatia = kumwambia unayempenda maneno matamu ("flirting")
kujiskia, kufeel fly/poa, kuji-do (do = fanya) = kuwa na maringo
kupata ball = kupata mimba
kugonga wall, kugonga mawe = kujaribu kumwongelesha msichana lakini hataki kujihusisha nawe
kulapa mtu = kujidai kuwa humwoni mtu
tia ritho = kuangalia (literally: put to the eye); katika Kikuyu, jina 'ritho' lamaanisha 'jicho'.
kushona = kupata mimba. Mfano: Dame ameshona
kuchill = hali ya kutofanya mapenzi kabla ya ndoa
kusota = hali ya kuwa bila pesa ama hela (being broke)
kuhanya = kufanya mapenzi holelaholela
keroro, kamunyueso = mvinyo, pombe
kugotea = kusalimia
kuwa gauge = hali ya kuwa mlevi
mahaga = sehemu ya nyuma ya msichana, matako
ndae = gari
kutia ndani, kuishi = kula
kupewa = kunywa pombe
Karao, Daewoo, = polisi (Daewoo kutoka jina la gari linalotumiwa na polisi nchini Kenya)
mchoro = mpangilio wa kufanya kitu (plan)
mgondi = jambazi (thug)
juala, CD = kondomu
kutia zii = kuachana na kitu ambacho unafanya
kula vako = kuamini uwongo. Mfano: Alikula vako eti dame yangu ni mlami (He/she believed that I have a white girlfriend)
veve = miraa
kindugulu = bangi
quarantei = karantini
kujiaisolet= hali ya kuwa peke yako/kujitenga
kuwa single = bila mke
chapa na tarimbo/kemba/nyandua = kujamiana kimapenzi
radha/ngori = shida
risto = hadithi nichapie risto
vajoo = bikra
kamunyueso/wain =pombe
bazenga = mtaalamu mi ni bazenga wa kucheza bukla
motino/dogi = mbwa
fwaka, fegi = sigara
mushogi = gari la aina ya matatu
kristi = mnunuaji
njege, sange, mabeast = polisi
yeng' = mwanamke
chums, dooh, weng' = pesa
sooh = shilingi mia moja
finje = hamsini
ashu = kumi
mbao =ishirini
kutypa = kumbuka
bazu = mheshimiwa
kuchum, kukis = kubusu
Sa Good = Mungu
mosmos = polepole
chapchap = harakaharaka
Njege = polisi

Tanbihi

Marejeo

Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. and Ken Osinde. 1997. Sheng and Engsh: development of mixed codes among the urban youth in Kenya. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 125 (Sociolinguistic Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa), pp. 45–63.
Bosire, Mokaya. 2006. Hybrid languages: The case of Sheng. Selected Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. Olaoba F. Arasanyin and Michael A. Pemberton, 185-193. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Fee, D., & Moga, J. 1997. Sheng dictionary.Third edition. Nairobi: Ginseng Publishers.
Githinji, Peter. 2005. Sheng and variation: The construction and negotiation of layered identities. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University.
Githinji, Peter. 2006. Bazes and Their Shibboleths: Lexical Variation and Sheng Speakers’ Identity in Nairobi. Nordic Journal of African Studies 15(4): 443–472.
Githiora, Chege. 2002. Sheng: peer language, Swahili dialect or emerging Creole? Journal of African Cultural Studies Volume 15, Number 2, pp. 159–181.
Kang’ethe, Iraki. 2004. Cognitive Efficiency: The Sheng phenomenon in Kenya. Pragmatics 14(1): 55–68.
Kießling, Roland & Maarten Mous. 2004. Urban Youth Languages in Africa. Anthropological Linguistics 46(3): 303-341
Mazrui, Alamin. 1995. Slang and Codeswitching: The case of Sheng in Kenya. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42: 168–179.
Ogechi, Nathan Oyori. 2002. Trilingual Codeswitching in Kenya – Evidence from Ekegusii, Kiswahili, English and Sheng. Doctoral dissertation, Universität Hamburg.
Ogechi, Nathan. 2005. On Lexicalization in Sheng. Nordic Journal of African Studies 14(3): 334–355.
Samper, David. 2002. Talking Sheng: The role of a Hybrid Language in the Construction of Identity and Youth Culture in Nairobi Kenya. PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
Spyropoulos, Mary. 1987. Sheng: some preliminary investigations into a recently emerged Nairobi street language. Journal of the Anthropological Society 18 (1): 125-136.

Viungo vya nje

Dikshonari ya sheng Ilihifadhiwa 1 Machi 2007 kwenye Wayback Machine. Tupitie ucheki ma words za sheng za tene na zile nira
Tasnifu kuhusu Sheng Ilihifadhiwa 10 Aprili 2017 kwenye Wayback Machine. Talking Sheng: The role of a hybrid language in the construction of identity and youth culture in Nairobi, Kenya.
Kamusi ya Sheng/Kiingereza, Kiingereza/Sheng
Blogu ya Sheng Ilihifadhiwa 5 Machi 2016 kwenye Wayback Machine. Bloki ya Osporne

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya lugha bado ni mbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Sheng kama historia yake, uenezi au maendeleo yake?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.