Tazama chanzo cha Woodrow Wilson

{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Woodrow Wilson
|image = Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919.jpg
|alt = 
|caption = 
|order = 28
|office = Rais wa Marekani
|vicepresident = [[Thomas R. Marshall]]
|term_start = Machi 4, 1913
|term_end = Machi 4, 1921
|predecessor = [[William Howard Taft]]
|successor = [[Warren G. Harding]]
|jr/sr2 = 
|state2 = 
|term_start2 = 
|term_end2 = 
|predecessor2 = 
|successor2 = 
|office3 = 
|term_start3 = 
|term_end3 = 
|predecessor3 = 
|successor3 = 
|birth_name = Thomas Woodrow Wilson
|birth_date = {{birth date|1856|12|28}}
|birth_place = Staunton, [[Virginia]], [[Marekani]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1924|2|3|1856|12|28}}
|death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Marekani]]
|restingplace = Washington National Cathedral
|nationality = 
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|parents = 
|relations = 
|spouse = {{marriage|Ellen Axson Wilson|June 24, 1885|August 6, 1914|end=died}}<br>{{marriage|Edith Wilson|December 18, 1915}}
|children = Margaret Woodrow Wilson<br>Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre<br>Eleanor Wilson McAdoo
|residence = 
|alma_mater = [[Princeton University]] (Bachelor of Arts)<br>University of Virginia<br>Johns Hopkins University (Master of Arts; Doctor of Philosophy)
|profession = 
|religion = 
|blank1 =
|data1 =
|signature = Woodrow Wilson Signature 2.svg
|signature_alt = 
|website = 
}}
[[Picha:Tuzo Nobel.png|left|80px]]
'''Thomas Woodrow Wilson''' ([[28 Desemba]] [[1856]] – [[3 Februari]] [[1924]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka nchi ya [[Marekani]]. 

== Mtaalamu na profesa ==
Alizaliwa [[Staunton]], [[Virginia]] akiwa [[mtoto]] wa [[mchungaji]] wa [[Wapresbiteri|Kanisa la Kipresbiteri]]. 

Alisoma [[sheria]] na [[historia]] kwenye [[vyuo vikuu]] vya Princeton na Johns Hopkins kule [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Maryland]]. Alifundisha kwenye [[vyuo]] mbalimbali hadi kuwa [[profesa]] wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Princeton]] [[mwaka]] [[1890]] na mkuu wa chuo mwaka [[1902]]. 

Mwaka [[1910]] alijiunga na [[siasa]] akachaguliwa [[gavana]] wa [[New Jersey]]. Mwaka [[1912]] aligombea [[urais]] wa nchi kwa [[Chama cha kisiasa|chama cha]] [[Democratic Party]] akashinda. 

== Rais wa Marekani ==
Miaka ya [[1913]] hadi [[1921]] alikuwa [[Rais]] wa Marekani akiwa rais wa kwanza kutoka [[Majimbo ya Marekani|majimbo ya]] [[kusini]] tangu [[vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe ya Marekani]].  

Katika siasa yake alipunguza [[kodi]] nyingi, aliunda [[benki kuu]] ya [[taifa]] na kuweka mipaka kwa athira ya [[Kampuni|makampuni]] makubwa yaliyowahi kusimamia [[soko]] kwa mapatano kuhusu [[bei]] ya [[bidhaa]] na hivyo kuzuia makampuni mapya. Alifaulu kupitisha sheria iliyoanzisha [[muda]] wa [[kazi]] kuwa [[saa]] [[nane]] kwa [[siku]]. Alianzisha pia mfumo wa kusaidia [[wakulima]]. 

Hakupenda [[Koloni|makoloni]] ya Marekani yaliyokuwa hasa [[Ufilipino]] na [[Puerto Rico]], hivyo alichukua hatua za kukabidhi [[madaraka]] kadhaa kwa [[wazalendo]] akaandaa [[uhuru]] wa Ufilipino uliofuata miaka 30 baadaye. 

Alipunguza [[haki]] kadhaa ya [[Waamerika Weusi]]. Aliita [[mawaziri]] kutoka majimbo ya kusini akawaruhusu kutenganisha Wamarekani [[Wazungu|Weupe]] na Weusi katika [[idara]] zao<ref name="Foner">{{cite web|url=http://www.umich.edu/%7eurel/admissions/legal/expert/foner.html|author=Foner, Eric|work=The Compelling Need for Diversity in Higher Education|title=Expert Report of Eric Foner|publisher=University of Michigan|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505002931/http://www.umich.edu/%7Eurel/admissions/legal/expert/foner.html|archivedate=May 5, 2006}}</ref><ref name="turner-sadler">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DHOFExc4qcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=African+American+History:+An+Introduction|title=African American History: An Introduction|last=Turner-Sadler|first=Joanne|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4331-0743-6|page=100|quote=President Wilson's racist policies are a matter of record.}}</ref><ref name="JNH_Wolgemuth">{{cite journal|last=Wolgemuth|first=Kathleen L.|year=1959|title=Woodrow Wilson and Federal Segregation|journal=The Journal of Negro History|volume=44|issue=2|pages=158–173|doi=10.2307/2716036|issn=0022-2992|jstor=2716036|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name="feagin">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-v8_BkQ2n8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Joe+R.+Feagin%22|title=Systemic Racism: A Theory of Oppression|last=Feagin|first=Joe R.|publisher=CRC Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-415-95278-1|page=162|quote=Wilson, who loved to tell racist 'darky' jokes about black Americans, placed outspoken segregationists in his cabinet and viewed racial 'segregation as a rational, scientific policy'.}}</ref><ref name="Gerstle_p103">{{cite book|title=Reconsidering Woodrow Wilson: Progressivism, Internationalism, War, and Peace|last=Gerstle|first=Gary|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center For Scholars|year=2008|editor=John Milton Cooper Jr.|location=Washington, D.C.|page=103}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TytaiSLySTsC&pg=PT171|title=A Companion to Woodrow Wilson|last=Kennedy|first=Ross A.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2013|isbn=978-1-118-44540-2|pages=171–174}}</ref>. Katika idara hizo [[ofisi]], [[vyoo]] na [[chumba|vyumba]] vya kula vilitenganishwa kufuatana na [[rangi]] ya [[wafanyakazi]].  Wilson aliendelea kuteua Weusi kadhaa kuwa na nafasi ya [[uongozi]] katika idara za [[serikali]] lakini alipunguza [[idadi]] ya nafasi hizo. 

Wakati wa [[vita]], Wamarekani Weusi wengi waliitwa kuwa [[wanajeshi]], wakapata [[malipo]] sawa na wote wengine lakini walipangwa katika "vikosi vyeusi" ambamo [[askari]] Weusi walihudumia chini ya maafisa Wazungu. 

== Rais wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ==
Mwaka [[1917]] Marekani iliingia katika [[Vita Kuu ya Dunia ya Kwanza]] dhidi ya [[Mataifa ya Kati]] ([[:en:Central Powers|''Central Powers'']]: [[Dola la Ujerumani|Ujerumani]], [[Austria-Hungaria]] na [[Milki ya Osmani]]) baada ya [[meli]] za Marekani kuzamishwa na [[nyambizi]] za Ujerumani na jaribio la Ujerumani kuchochea [[Meksiko]] dhidi ya Marekani. Mchango wa Marekani ulihakikisha [[ushindi]] wa [[Mataifa ya ushirikiano|Mataifa ya Ushirikiano]] (''[[:en:Allied Powers|Allied Powers]]'': [[Ufaransa]], [[Uingereza]], [[Italia]], [[Marekani]]). 

Hata hivyo, Wilson alijaribu kufikia aina ya [[amani]] iliyoepuka masharti makali dhidi ya washindwa wa vita, pamoja na kukubali haki ya mataifa ya kujiamulia wenyewe. Hapo hakufaulu katika [[Mkataba wa Versailles]] lakini aliweza kuanzisha [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] Kutokana na upinzani wa Ufaransa na [[Italia]] kama ushirikiano wa mataifa kwa shabaha ya kuzuia vita tena. Kwa jitihada zake alipewa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani]] kwenye mwaka [[1919]]. 

==Marejeo==
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{{Marais wa Marekani}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, Woodrow}}

[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1856]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 1924]]
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Marais wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani]]
[[Jamii:New Jersey]]