Tazama chanzo cha Wakurdi

{{Infobox ethnic group
| image = Roj emblem.svg
| group = Wakurdi<br />''Kurd'' کورد
| pop = milioni 30–40 <ref name="CIAonline">{{cite book |title= World Factbook |edition= Online |date= 2015 |publisher= US [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location= Langley, Virginia |issn= 1553-8133 |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |accessdate= 2 August 2015 |archive-date= 2009-09-12 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090912045414/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |dead-url= yes }} A rough estimate in this edition gives populations of 14.3 million in Turkey, 8.2 million in Iran, about 5.6 to 7.4 million in Iraq, and less than 2 million in Syria, which adds up to approximately 28–30 million Kurds in Kurdistan or in adjacent regions. The CIA estimates are {{as of|lc= y|2015|08}} – Turkey: Kurdish 18%, of 81.6 million; Iran: Kurd 10%, of 81.82 million; Iraq: Kurdish 15–20%, of 37.01 million, Syria: Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%, of 17.01 million.</ref>
<br>({{small|[[The World Factbook]], 2015 estimate}})<br>milioni 36.4–45.6 <ref name="KIOP2017">[http://www.institutkurde.org/en/info/the-kurdish-population-1232551004 The Kurdish Population] by the [[Kurdish Institute of Paris]], 2017 estimate. The Kurdish population is estimated at 15–20 million in Turkey, 10–12 million in Iran, 8–8.5 million in Iraq, 3–3.6 million in Syria, 1.2–1.5 million in the European diaspora, and 400k–500k in the former USSR - for a total of 36.4 million to 45. 6 million globally.</ref><br>({{small|[[Kurdish Institute of Paris]], 2017 estimate}})
| region1 = {{resize|115%|'''Maeneo ambako Wakurdi wako  wakazi asilia'''}}
| region2 = {{flagcountry|Uturuki}}
| pop2 = est. 14.3–20 million
| ref2 = <ref name="CIAonline" /><ref name = "KIOP2017" />
| region3 = {{flagcountry|Iran}}
| pop3 = est. 8.2–12 million
| ref3 = <ref name="CIAonline" /><ref name = "KIOP2017" />
| region4 = {{flagcountry|Iraq}}
| pop4 = est. 5.6–8.5 million
| ref4 = <ref name="CIAonline" /><ref name = "KIOP2017" />
| region5 = {{flagcountry|Syria}}
| pop5 = est. 2–3.6 million
| ref5 = <ref name="CIAonline" /><ref name = "KIOP2017" />
| region6 = '''[[Kurdish diaspora|Wakurdi nje ya maeneo ya asili]] (nje ya Kurdistan penyewe)'''
| pop6 = 2 million
| ref6 = 
| region7 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| pop7 = 800,000
| ref7 = <ref>{{cite news |title= Camps built in Germany, Austria to win new members for PKK, reports reveal |newspaper= Zaman |url= http://www.todayszaman.com/news-289089-camps-built-in-germany-austria-to-win-new-members-for-pkk-reports-reveal.html |accessdate= 28 October 2012 |date= 9 August 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120809235709/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-289089-camps-built-in-germany-austria-to-win-new-members-for-pkk-reports-reveal.html |archivedate= 9 August 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
| region9 = {{flagcountry|France}}
| pop9 = 150,000
| ref9 = <ref>{{cite news|title= 3 Kurdish women political activists shot dead in Paris|url= http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/10/world/europe/france-kurd-deaths/|accessdate= 9 June 2014|agency= CNN|date= 11 January 2013}}</ref>
| region10 = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| pop10 = 83,600
| ref10 = <ref>{{cite web |title= Sweden |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/country/SE |date= 2015 |work= [[Ethnologue]] |accessdate= 14 January 2015}}</ref>
| region11 = {{flagcountry| Netherlands}}
| pop11 = 70,000
| ref11 = <ref>[http://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/405297/Dutch-biker-gang-prepare-take-on-Islamic-State Highway to Hell: Dutch biker gang prepare to take on Islamic State] by Jerry Lawton, ''[[Daily Star (British newspaper)|Daily Star]]'', October 2014</ref>
| region12 = {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
| pop12 = 50,000
| ref12 = <ref name=IKP>{{cite web |title= The Kurdish Diaspora|url= http://www.institutkurde.org/en/kurdorama/ |website= Institut Kurde de Paris |accessdate= 9 June 2014}}</ref>
| region13 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
| pop13 = 63,800
| ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|title= Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации |url= http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_10.php |work= Demoscope.ru |accessdate= 4 July 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/683aGZggq?url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_10.php |archivedate= 30 May 2012 |df= }}</ref>
| region14 = {{nowrap|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}}}
| pop14 = 50,000
| ref14 = <ref>{{cite web |title= QS211EW – Ethnic group (detailed) |url= http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/CT0010/view/2092957703 |work= NOMISweb.co.uk |publisher= UK Office for National Statistics |accessdate= 3 August 2013}}</ref>
| region15 = {{flagcountry| Kazakhstan}}
| pop15 = 42,300
| ref15 = <ref name="KZ2014">[http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT081783 Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2014 года] {{Wayback|url=http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT081783 |date=20150428181945 }} ЭТНОДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ЕЖЕГОДНИК КАЗАХСТАНА 2014</ref>
| region16 = {{flagcountry| Switzerland}}
| pop16 = 35,000
| ref16 = <ref>{{cite web |title= Switzerland |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/country/CH |work= Ethnologue |accessdate= 14 January 2015}}</ref>
| region17 = {{flagcountry| Denmark}}
| pop17 = 30,000
| ref17 = <ref>{{cite news |title= Fakta: Kurdere i Danmark |url= http://jyllands-posten.dk/indland/ECE5105449/fakta-kurdere-i-danmark/ |accessdate= 24 December 2013 |newspaper= Jyllandsposten |date= 8 May 2006 |language= Danish}}</ref>
| region18 = {{flagcountry| Jordan}}
| pop18 = 30,000
| ref18 = <ref>{{cite web |title= Language and Cultural Shift Among the Kurds of Jordan |url= http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2010/Al-Khatib_Al-Ali_netti.pdf |accessdate= 10 November 2012 |first1= Mahmoud A.|last1= Al-Khatib |first2= Mohammed N.|last2= Al-Ali |page= 12}}</ref>
| region19 = {{flagcountry| Austria}}
| pop19 = 23,000
| ref19 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Austria |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/country/AT |work= Ethnologue |accessdate= 14 January 2015}}</ref>
| region20 = {{flagcountry| Greece}}
| pop20 = 22,000
| ref20 = <ref>{{cite web|title= Greece |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/country/GR/ |work= Ethnologue |accessdate= 14 January 2015}}</ref>
| region21 = {{flagcountry| United States}}
| pop21 = 15,400
| ref21 = 
| region22 = {{flagcountry| Georgia}}
| pop22 = 13,861
| ref22 = <ref>{{cite web |last1= PDF |title= Population/Census |url= http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf |website= geostat.ge |accessdate= 2019-03-24 |archivedate= 2017-10-10 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074805/http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf }}</ref>
| region23 = {{flagcountry| Kyrgyzstan}}
| pop23 = 13,200
| ref23 = <ref>{{cite web|title= Number of resident population by selected nationality |url= http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_phc/Kyrgyzstan/A5-2PopulationAndHousingCensusOfTheKyrgyzRepublicOf2009.pdf |work= UNStats.UN.org |publisher= United Nations |accessdate= 9 July 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120710092216/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Kyrgyzstan/A5-2PopulationAndHousingCensusOfTheKyrgyzRepublicOf2009.pdf |archivedate= 10 July 2012 |df= }}</ref>
| region24 = {{flagcountry| Canada}}
| pop24 = 11,685
| ref24 = 
| region25 = {{flagcountry| Finland}}
| pop25 = 10,700
| ref25 = <ref>{{cite web |title= Language according to age and sex by region 1990–2014 |url= http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=030_vaerak_tau_102_en&path=../database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=1&multilang=en |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130217113547/http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=030_vaerak_tau_102_en&path=../database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=1&multilang=en |dead-url= yes |archive-date= 17 February 2013 |work= Stat.fi |publisher= Statistics Finland |accessdate= 19 January 2013 |df=  |archiveurl= https://archive.today/20130217113547/http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=030_vaerak_tau_102_en&path=../database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=1&multilang=en |archivedate= 2013-02-17 }}</ref>
| region26 = {{flagcountry| Australia}}
| pop26 = 7,000
| ref26 = <ref>{{cite book |title= The People of Australia: Statistics from the 2011 census |url= http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/LocalGovernment/The_People_of_Australia.pdf |publisher= Australian Department of Immigration and Border Protection |date= 2014 |isbn= 978-1-920996-23-9 |accessdate= 29 May 2014 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140529194052/http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/LocalGovernment/The_People_of_Australia.pdf |archivedate= 29 May 2014 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
| region27 = {{flagcountry| Azerbaijan}}
| pop27 = 6,100
| ref27 = <ref>{{cite book |title= Statistical Yearbook of Azerbaijan 2014 |year= 2015 |page= 80}}</ref>
| region28 = {{flagcountry| Armenia}}
| pop28 = 2,162
| ref28 = <ref>{{cite web|title= Information from the 2011 Armenian National Census|url= http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99478353.pdf|language= Armenian|work= Statistics of Armenia|accessdate= 27 May 2014}}</ref>
| languages = [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] and [[Zaza–Gorani languages|Zaza–Gorani]] <br><small> ''Minor: [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (in Turkey), [[Persian language|Persian]] (in Iran), [[Arabic]] (in Syria and Iraq)<br />{{smaller|''In their different forms: [[Central Kurdish|Sorani]], [[Northern Kurdish|Kurmanji]], [[Southern Kurdish|Pehlewani]], [[Zaza language|Zaza]], [[Gorani language (Zaza-Gorani)|Gorani]]''}}
| religions = Majority [[Islam]] <br/> {{small|([[Sunni Muslim]], [[Alevi Islam]], [[Shia Islam]])}} <br/> with minorities of [[Yazidism]], [[Yarsanism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Agnosticism]], [[History of the Jews in Kurdistan|Judaism]], [[Christianity]]
| related = Other [[Iranian peoples]]
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Wakurdi''' (kwa [[Kikurdi]]: گەلی کورد, ''Gelî kurd'') ni [[watu]] wanaotumia [[lugha]] ya [[Kikurdi]], moja kati ya [[lugha za Kihindi-Kiajemi]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Mehrdad R. |last=Izady |title=The Kurds: A Concise Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC |year=1992 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-8448-1727-9}}</ref> wanaoishi hasa [[Mashariki ya Kati]]. 

==Kurdistan==
Eneo lao linaitwa mara nyingi [[Kurdistan]] na limegawanyika kisiasa kati ya nchi za [[Uturuki]] [[mashariki]], [[Iran]] [[kaskazini]] [[magharibi]], [[Iraq]] kaskazini na [[Syria]] kaskazini.<ref>''Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland'', (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press</ref> 

Hadi [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]], Wakurdi wengi waliishi ndani ya maeneo ya [[Milki ya Osmani]], [[idadi]] ndogo zaidi walitawaliwa na [[Uajemi]]. [[Milki]] zote mbili zilikuwa milki za [[Kiislamu]] ambako hakukuwa na mkazo wa [[utaifa]] au [[utamaduni]] maalumu. Hawakuwa na [[historia]] ya kujitazama kama [[taifa]] la pamoja wakiishi katika utaratibu wa jamii za kikabila zilizojitegemea na kutunza kiwango cha [[uhuru]] kutoka [[serikali]] za milki walimoishi. 

Katika kongamano la kupatana amani baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza suala la Wakurdi lilijadiliwa lakini bila kupata suluhisho. Waligawanywa tu.

Baada ya ugawaji wa Milki ya Osmani [[mwaka]] [[1918]] walijikuta katika nchi ambako watu wengi walikuwa ama [[Waturuki]], [[Waarabu]] au [[Waajemi]] walioathiriwa na [[itikadi]] ya utaifa. Wakurdi waliambiwa kujitazama kama [[raia]] wa nchi hizo na hivyo kuwa Waturuki, Waarabu au Waajemi. Hasa ndani ya Uturuki chini ya [[rais]] wa kwanza [[Ataturk]] kuwepo kwa Wakurdi kulikanwa, wenyewe waliitwa "Waturuki wa milimani". pote walikataliwa kuwa na [[shule]] ambako [[watoto]] wao wangejifunza lugha ya Kikurdi. 

Katika [[historia]] hii uko msingi wa upinzani wa Wakurdi uliotokea katika nchi zote wanapoishi kiasili. 

==Idadi==
Idadi yao inakadiriwa kuwa [[milioni]] 30-45.<ref>Based on arithmetic from ''World Factbook'' and other sources cited herein: A Near Eastern population of 28–30 million, plus approximately a 2 million diaspora gives 30–32 million. If the highest (25%) estimate for the Kurdish population of Turkey, in Mackey (2002), proves correct, this would raise the total to around 37 million.</ref> Ndilo [[taifa]] kubwa kuliko lote [[duniani]] lisilo na [[nchi huru]] ya kwao. 

==Lugha na dini==
[[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kikurdi]], chenye [[lahaja]] mbalimbali<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kurds.html  |title= Kurds |date= 2014 |work= The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.|publisher= Encyclopedia.com |accessdate= 29 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first= Mehrdad R. |last =Izady |title= The Kurds: A Concise Handbook |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC&pg=PA198 |year= 1992 |publisher= Taylor & Francis |isbn= 978-0-8448-1727-9 |page= 198}}</ref>.

Wengi wao hufuata [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]] (hasa [[madhehebu]] ya [[Wasunni]]), lakini wako pia wafuasi wa [[dini ya jadi]] wanaoitwa [[Wayazidi]], wafuasi wa [[imani]] ya pekee ya [[Ahl-e Hak]], halafu [[Wakristo]], [[Wayahudi]] na [[Wazoroasta]] wachache. 

==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Vyanzo==
* {{cite book|last1=Aslanian|first1=Sebouh|title=From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa|date=2011|publisher=University of California Press|location=California|isbn=978-0520947573|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Blow|first1=David|title=Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend|date=2009|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0857716767|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bournoutian|first1=George|authorlink1=George Bournoutian|title=A Concise History of the Armenian People: (from Ancient Times to the Present)|date=2002|publisher=Mazda Publishers|isbn=978-1568591414|page=208|edition=2|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Floor|first1=Willem|last2=Herzig|first2=Edmund|title=Iran and the World in the Safavid Age|url=https://archive.org/details/iranworldinsafav0000unse|date=2012|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1850439301|ref=harv}}
* Barth, F. 1953. ''Principles of Social Organization in Southern Kurdistan.'' Bulletin of the University Ethnographic Museum 7. Oslo.
* Hansen, H.H. 1961. ''The Kurdish Woman's Life.'' Copenhagen. Ethnographic Museum Record 7:1–213.
* Leach, E.R. 1938. ''Social and Economic Organization of the Rowanduz Kurds.'' London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology 3:1–74.
* Longrigg, S.H. 1953. ''Iraq, 1900–1950.'' London.
* Masters, W.M. 1953. ''Rowanduz.'' Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
* McKiernan, Kevin. 2006. ''The Kurds, a People in Search of Their Homeland''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN|978-0-312-32546-6
* {{cite book|last1=Mikaberidze|first1=Alexander|title=Historical Dictionary of Georgia|date=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1442241466|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = ŠAYḴ-ʿALI KHAN ZANGANA | last = Matthee | first = Rudi | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shaykh-ali-khan | editor-last = | editor-first =  | editor-link = | encyclopedia  = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = | isbn = |ref=harv}}

==Marejeo mengine==
* [[Samir Amin]] (October 2016). ''[http://monthlyreview.org/2016/10/01/the-kurdish-question-then-and-now/ The Kurdish Question Then and Now],'' in [[Monthly Review]], Volume 68, Issue 05
* ''A People Without a State: The Kurds from the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism,'' by Michael Eppel, 2016, University of Texas Press

===Historia===
* {{cite journal | last1 = Maxwell | first1 = Alexander | last2 = Smith | first2 = Tim | year = 2015 | title = Positing 'not-yet-nationalism': limits to the impact of nationalism theory on Kurdish historiography | url = | journal = Nationalities Papers | volume = 43 | issue = 5| pages = 771–787 | doi=10.1080/00905992.2015.1049135}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{commons category|Kurdish people}}
* [https://archive.today/20071016225822/http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9275335 Kurds], Encyclopædia Britannica.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071018071427/http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9046466 Kurd], Encyclopædia Britannica.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312004743/http://www.britannica.com/worldsapart/3_timeline_print.html The Kurds: People without a country], Encyclopædia Britannica.
* [http://www.institutkurde.org/ The Kurdish Institute of Paris] Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010721001234/http://www.kurdistanica.com/ The Encyclopaedia of Kurdistan]
* [http://www.enstituyakurdi.org/index.php?newlang=english Istanbul Kurdish Institute] {{Wayback|url=http://www.enstituyakurdi.org/index.php?newlang=english |date=20150924001027 }}
* [http://www.pen-kurd.org/index-en.html The Kurdish Center of International Pen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pen-kurd.org/index-en.html |date=20060717023951 }}
* [http://www.kurdishlibrary.org/ Kurdish Library], supported by the [[Sweden|Swedish]] Government.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041024074007/http://www.jafi.org.il/education/actual/iraq/4.html Ethnic Cleansing and the Kurds]
* [http://www.transoxiana.org/0109/aloian-kurds_ottoman_hungary.html The Kurds in the Ottoman Hungary] by Zurab Aloian
* [http://theotheriraq.com/ "The Other Iraq" Kurdish Information Website]

; Suala la Wakurdi nchini Uturuki
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020527064459/http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wCountries/Turkey A report on the Kurdish IDP's – 2005]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050409063105/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0%2C1564%2C1484632%2C00.html A German newspaper's take on the Kurdish issue – 2005]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/The_Kurds/Story/0,,428351,00.html The Guardian – ''What's in a name? Too much in Turkey'' – 2001]

[[Jamii:Uturuki]]
[[Jamii:Iran]]
[[Jamii:Iraq]]
[[Jamii:Syria]]