Tazama chanzo cha Nikola II wa Urusi

[[image:Nicholas II by Boissonnas & Eggler c1909.jpg|thumb|250px|Picha halisi ya Mt. Nikola II, mwaka [[1909]].]]
'''Nikola wa II wa Urusi''' (kwa [[Kirusi]]: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; [[St. Petersburg]], [[Urusi]], [[18 Mei]] [[1868]] – [[Yekaterinburg]], Urusi, [[17 Julai]] [[1918]]) alikuwa [[tsar]] (mtawala wa kifalme au [[kaisari]]) wa mwisho wa [[Urusi]] (kuanzia [[tarehe]] [[1 Novemba]] [[1894]] hadi alipozalimishwa kujiuzulu tarehe [[15 Machi]] [[1917]]).

[[Familia]] yake nzima iliuawa na [[Wakomunisti]]. Kwa sababu hiyo wote wanaheshimiwa na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Shevchenko, Maxim|year=2000|title=The Glorification of the Royal Family|work=Nezavisimaya Gazeta|url=http://www.struggler.org/GlorificationOfTheRoyalFamily.html|accessdate=December 10, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050824094901/http://www.struggler.org/GlorificationOfTheRoyalFamily.html|archivedate=August 24, 2005}}</ref>.

==Tazama pia==
*[[Historia ya Urusi]]
*[[Vita ya Japani na Urusi ya 1905]]
*[[Mapinduzi ya Urusi ya 1917]]
*[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]]

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}

==Vyanzo==
*{{cite book|ref=Figes|authorlink=Orlando Figes|author=Figes, Orlando|title=A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891−1924|publisher=The Bodley Head|year=2015}}
*{{cite book|ref=King1994|authorlink=Greg King (author)|author=King, Greg|title=The Last Empress |publisher=Birch Lane Press|year= 1994}}
*{{cite book|ref=King2006|authorlink=Greg King (author)|author=King, Greg|title=The Court of the Last Czar: Pomp, Power and Pageantry in the Reign of Nicholas II|year=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons}}
*{{cite book | last = Kowner| first = Rotem|authorlink=Rotem Kowner| year = 2006 | title = Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War| publisher = The Scarecrow Press | location = ISBN 0-8108-4927-5 | id = }}
*{{cite book|ref=Massie1967|authorlink=Robert K. Massie|author=Massie, Robert K. |title=Nicholas and Alexandra|url=https://archive.org/details/nicholasalexand00mass|year= 1967}}
*{{cite book|ref=Massie1995|authorlink=Robert K. Massie|author=Massie, Robert K. |title=The Fate of the Romanovs: The Final Chapter|publisher=Random House|isbn=0-394-58048-6|year=1995}}
*{{cite book|ref=Tames|author=Tames, Richard |title=Last of the Tsars|url=https://archive.org/details/lastoftsarslifed0000tame|place=London|publisher= Pan Books Ltd|year= 1972}}
*{{cite book|ref=Warth|author=Warth, Robert D. |title=Nicholas II, The Life and Reign of Russia's Last Monarch|url=https://archive.org/details/nicholasiilifere0000wart|publisher=Praeger|year= 1997|isbn=0275958329}}

==Marejeo mengine==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*The Sokolov Report, in [[Victor Alexandrov]], "The End of The Romanovs", London: 1966
*[[Boris Antonov]], ''Russian Czars'', St. Petersburg, Ivan Fiodorov Art Publishers ({{ISBN|5-93893-109-6}})
*Michael M. Baden, ''Chapter III: Time of Death and Changes after Death. Part 4: Exhumation'', In: Spitz, W.U. & Spitz, D.J. (eds): ''Spitz and Fisher’s Medicolegal Investigation of Death. Guideline for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigations (Fourth edition).'' Charles C. Thomas, pp.: 174–183, Springfield, Illinois: 2006
*[[Paul Grabbe]], "The Private World of the Last Czar" New York: 1985
*[[Genrikh Ioffe]], ''Revoliutsiia i sud'ba Romanovykh'' Moscow: Respublika, 1992 {{ru icon}}
*[[Coryne Hall]] & [[John Van der Kiste]], ''Once A Grand Duchess : Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II'', Phoenix Mill, Sutton Publishing Ltd., 2002 (hardcover, {{ISBN|0-7509-2749-6}})
*[[Dominic Lieven]], ''Nicholas II: Emperor of All the Russias''. 1993.
*[[Andrei Maylunas]] and [[Sergei Mironenko]], ''A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas & Alexandra'' 1999
*[[Marvin Lyons]], ''Nicholas II The Last Czar'', London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974 (hardcover, {{ISBN|0-7100-7802-1}})
*[[Shay McNeal]], "The Secret Plot to Save the Czar" 2001
*[[Bernard Pares]], "The Fall of the Russian Monarchy" London: 1939, reprint London: 1988
*[[John Curtis Perry]] and [[Konstantin Pleshakov]], ''The Flight of the Romanovs''. 1999.
*[[Edvard Radzinsky]], '' The Last Tsar: The Life and Death of Nicholas II '' (1992) {{ISBN|0-385-42371-3}}.
*Samten, Jampa. (2010). "Notes on the [[Thirteenth Dalai Lama]]'s Confidential Letter to the Tsar of Russia." In: ''The Tibet Journal'', Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp.&nbsp;357–370.
*[[Mark D. Steinberg]] and [[Vladimir M. Khrustalev]], ''The Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a Time of Revolution'', New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.
*[[Anthony Summers]] and [[Tom Mangold]],'' The File on the Czar''. 1976.
*[[Andrew M. Verner]], ''The Crisis of the Russian Autocracy: Nicholas II and the 1905 Revolution'' 1990
*[[Richard Wortman]], ''Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy'', vol. 2 2000
*[[Prince Felix Yussupov]], Lost Splendour
*[[Elisabeth Heresch]], "Nikolaus II. Feigheit, Lüge und Verrat". F.A.Herbig Verlagsbuchhandlung, München, 1992
*''The Complete Wartime Correspondence of Czar Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra, April 1914&nbsp;– March 1917''. Edited by Joseph T. Furhmann Fuhrmann. Westport, Conn. and London: 1999
*''Letters of Czar Nicholas and Empress Marie'' Ed. Edward J. Bing. London: 1937
*''Letters of the Czar to the Czaritsa, 1914–1917'' Trans. from Russian translations from the original English. E. L. Hynes. London and New York: 1929
*''Nicky-Sunny Letters: correspondence of the Czar and Czaritsa, 1914–1917''. Hattiesburg, Miss: 1970.
*''The Secret Letters of the Last Czar: Being the Confidential Correspondence between Nicholas II and his Mother, Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna''. Ed. Edward J. Bing. New York and Toronto: 1938
*''Willy-Nicky Correspondence: Being the Secret and Intimate Telegrams Exchanged Between the Kaiser and the Czar''. Ed. Herman Bernstein. New York: 1917.
*[[Paul Benckendorff]], ''Last Days at Czarskoe Selo''. London: 1927
*[[Sophie Buxhoeveden]], ''The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress of Russia: A Biography'' London: 1928
*[[Pierre Gilliard]], Thirteen Years at the Russian Court New York: 1921
*[[A. A. Mossolov]] (Mosolov), At the Court of the Last Czar London: 1935
*[[Anna Vyrubova]], ''Memories of the Russian Court'' London: 1923
*A.Yarmolinsky, editor, "The Memoirs of Count Witte" New York & Toronto: 1921
*Sir [[George Buchanan]] (British Ambassador) My Mission to Russia & Other Diplomatic Memories (2 vols, Cassell, 1923)
*[[Meriel Buchanan]], Dissolution of an Empire, Cassell, 1932
*[[Gleb Botkin]], ''The Real Romanovs'', Fleming H. Revell Co, 1931
*[[Mark D. Steinberg]] and [[Vladimir M. Khrustalev]], ''The Fall of the Romanovs: Political Dreams and Personal Struggles in a Time of Revolution''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995
*{{cite journal |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=October 1904 |title=The Personality of the Czar: An Explanation, By A Russian Official Of High Authority |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYbNAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA5414 |journal=[[World's Work|The World's Work: A History of Our Time]] |volume=VIII |pages=5414–5430 |author1= Page |first1= Walter Hines |last2= Page |first2= Arthur Wilson }}
{{refend}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons|Николай II|Nicholas II of Russia}}
*{{Dmoz|Regional/Europe/Russia/Society_and_Culture/History/Russian_Empire/Romanovs/Nicholas_II/|Nicholas_II}}
*[http://www.normandythenandnow.com/cherbourg-torpedoes-and-a-tsar-in-the-playground/ Photos of the last visit of Tsar Nicholas and family to France, to Cherbourg 1909] from contemporary Magazine, Illustration 
*[http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/nicholas.htm The Execution of Czar Nicholas II, 1918], EyeWitness to History.
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nicholas_ii.shtml Brief Summary of Czar]
*[http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/nicholasiiabdication.htm Abdication Proclamation, 2 March 1917 (the signature was put in pencil)] (translation included)
*[http://www.alexanderpalace.org/ Alexander Palace Time Machine]
*[http://www.nicholasandalexandra.com/ Nicholas and Alexandra Exhibition]
*[http://www.frozentears.org/ Frozentears.org] A Media Library to Nicholas II and his Family.
*[http://www.freewebs.com/romanovsisters/romanovsisters.htm Romanov sisters]
*[http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2004/march3/romanov-33.html Scientists Reopen Czar Mystery] {{Wayback|url=http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2004/march3/romanov-33.html |date=20081007161242 }}
*[http://www.romanov-memorial.com/ Ipatiev House&nbsp;— Romanov Memorial] detailed site on the historical context, circumstances and drama surrounding the Romanov's execution
*{{ru icon}} [http://gatchino.com/literatura/sokolov_n_a/ The Murder of Russia's Imperial Family] {{Wayback|url=http://gatchino.com/literatura/sokolov_n_a/ |date=20070322180049 }}, Nicolay Sokolov. Investigation of execution of the Romanov Imperial Family in 1918.
*{{ru icon}} [http://gatchina3000.ru/literatura/radzinski_e/ Nikolay II&nbsp;— Life and Death], Edvard Radzinski. Later published in English as ''The Last Czar: the Life and Death of Nicholas II''.
*{{ru icon}} [http://az.lib.ru/w/witte_s_j/text_0040.shtml Memoirs: The reign of Nicholas II 1-12] [http://az.lib.ru/w/witte_s_j/text_0050.shtml 13-33] [http://az.lib.ru/w/witte_s_j/text_0060.shtml 34-45] [http://az.lib.ru/w/witte_s_j/text_0070.shtml 46-52] (incomplete), [[Sergei Witte]]. It was originally published in 1922 in [[Berlin]]. No complete English translations are available yet.
*[http://www.pravmir.com/article_101.html New Russian Martyrs. Czar Nicholas and His Family]. A story of life, canonisation. Photoalbum.
*[http://www.kingandwilson.com/ Russian History Magazine] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kingandwilson.com/ |date=20070208191424 }} Articles about the Romanovs from Atlantis magazine.
*[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/Resurrecting-the-Czar.html Resurrecting the Czar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/Resurrecting-the-Czar.html |date=20131228015949 }} – November 2010 (''Smithsonian'' magazine)
* [http://diaryrh.ru/historical-photos/the-coronation-of-nicholas-ii The coronation of Emperor Nicholas II. 26 (14, old style), may, 1896. Historical photos.] {{Wayback|url=http://diaryrh.ru/historical-photos/the-coronation-of-nicholas-ii |date=20180511150139 }}
*{{YouTube|zM297O4V6Sg|Romanovs. The eighth film. Alexander III; Nicholas II}}. – Historical reconstruction "The Romanovs". StarMedia. Babich-Design(Russia, 2013)

{{mbegu-Mkristo}}

[[Category:Waliozaliwa 1872]]
[[Category:Waliofariki 1918]]
[[Jamii:Makaizari wa Urusi]]
[[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]]
[[Category:Watakatifu wa Ujerumani]]
[[Category:Watakatifu wa Urusi]]