Tazama chanzo cha Kamerun

{{Jedwali la nchi|jina_rasmi=Jamhuri ya Kameruni|jina_asili=''République du Cameroun'' ([[Kifaransa]])<br>''Republic of Cameroon'' ([[Kiingereza]])|bendera=Flag_of_Cameroon.svg|nembo=Coat_of_arms_of_Cameroon.svg|kaulimbiu=<br>''Paix – Travail – Patrie'' ([[Kifaransa]])<br>''Peace – Work – Fatherland'' ([[Kiingereza]])<br>"Amani – Kazi – Nchi"|wimbo=''[[Chant de Ralliement]]''<br> |ramani=Cameroon_(orthographic_projection).svg|mji_mkuu=[[Yaunde]]|mji_mkubwa=[[Douala|Duala]]|latd=3|latm=52|latNS=N|longd=11|longm=31|longEW=E|latd2=04|latm2=03|latNS2=N|longd2=09|longm2=41|longEW2=E|lugha_rasmi={{hlist |[[Kifaransa]]|[[Kiingereza]]}}|serikali=[[Jamhuri]] yenye [[udikteta|mdikteta]]|vyeo_viongozi={{*}}Rais<br>{{*}}Waziri Mkuu|majina_viongozi=[[Paul Biya]]<br>[[Joseph Dion Ngute]]|eneo_jumla=475 440<ref name="worldfactbook">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Cameroon|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/|section=Summary|year=2023|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref>|watu_kadirio=30 135 732<ref name="worldfactbook"/>|maji=0.57<ref name="worldfactbook"/>|pato={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 49.262<ref name="IMFWEO.CM" />|mwaka_pato=2023|pato_halisi={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 133.335<ref name="IMFWEO.CM">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=622,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Cameroon) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>|pato_halisi_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} USD 4 660<ref name="IMFWEO.CM" />|pato_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} 1 721<ref name="IMFWEO.CM" />|mwaka_maendeleo=2021|maendeleo={{imara}} 0.576<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908052326/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-date=2022-09-08 |url-status=live|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=September 8, 2022}}</ref> - {{katikati}}|fedha=[[Faranga ya CFA]]|majira_saa=+1<br>([[Saa za Afrika Magharibi|Afrika Magharibi]])|tld=.cm|iso3166=CM|msimbo_simu=+237|udereva=Kulia}}
'''Kameruni''', kirasmi '''Jamhuri ya Kameruni''', ni [[jamhuri]] ya [[muungano]] katika [[Afrika]] ya Magharibi.

Imepakana na [[Nigeria|Nijeria]], [[Chadi]], [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Gabon]], [[Guinea ya Ikweta|Gine ya Ikweta]] na [[Ghuba ya Guinea|Ghuba ya Gine]].

[[Lugha rasmi]] na [[lugha ya taifa|lugha za taifa]] ni [[Kifaransa]] (kinachoongoza kwa zaidi ya [[asilimia]] 80) na [[Kiingereza]].

== Jiografia ==
[[Picha:Mount Cameroon craters.jpg|thumb|Mpare kwa [[Kamerun (mlima)|mlima Kameruni]]]]
{{main|Jiografia ya Kamerun}}''[[Picha:Mount Cameroon from Tiko.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kamerun kutoka Tiko, Mkoa wa Kusini-Magharibi]]

== Maeneo kiutawala ==
{{main|Mikoa ya Kamerun|Wilaya za Kamerun}}
Kameruni imegawiwa katika mikoa ''(regions)'' 10 na [[wilaya]] (''départements'') 58.

[[Mikoa ya Kamerun|Mikoa]] ni: 
*[[Mkoa wa Adamawa]], 
*[[Mkoa wa Kati, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kati]], 
*[[Mkoa wa Mashariki, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Mashariki]], 
*[[Mkoa wa Kaskazini ya Mbali, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kaskazini ya Mbali]], 
*[[Mkoa wa Pwani, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Pwani]], 
*[[Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kaskazini]], 
*[[Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Magharibi, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Magharibi]], 
*[[Mkoa wa Magharibi, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Magharibi]], 
*[[Mkoa wa Kusini, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kusini]], na 
*[[Mkoa wa Kusini-Magharibi, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kusini-Magharibi]]


Ona pia: [[Orodha ya miji ya Kamerun|Orodha ya miji ya Kameruni]]

== Historia ==
{{main|Historia ya Kamerun}}
===Historia ya awali===
Katika [[karne]] za [[BK]] [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]] walianza uenezi wao kutoka huko kwenda kutawala maeneo mengi ya [[Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kusini mwa Afrika]] na [[Afrika Mashariki]].

===Wakati wa ukoloni===
Kameruni ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Ujerumani]] hadi [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]]. Baada ya [[Ujerumani]] kushindwa vita, nchi ikagawiwa kati ya [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] chini ya mamlaka ya [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] kama [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]].

===Tangu uhuru hadi leo===
Mwaka wa [[1960]], [[Ufaransa|Wafaransa]] waliacha Kameruni ikawa nchi huru. Wananchi wa [[Kamerun ya Kiingereza|Kameruni ya Kiingereza]] walipiga kura kuamua kama walitaka kuwa sehemu ya Nigeria au ya Kameruni. Kaskazini wengi walipendelea kukaa Nigeria, hivyo maeneo hayo sasa ni sehemu ya Nigeria. Wananchi wengi wa kusini waliamua wajiunge na Kameruni<ref>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/referenda.html#1961_British_Cameroons_Plebiscite 1961 British Cameroons Plebiscite], kwenye tovuti ya africanelections.tripod.com/referenda, iliangaliwa Januari 2019</ref>. Kwa kusudi la kuheshimu tofauti za kiutamaduni kulikuwa na katiba mpya kwenye mwaka 1961 ''Shirikisho la Jamhuri ya Kameruni''. 

Tangu [[1972]] [[muundo]] wa nchi ulibadilishwa kuacha mfumo wa [[shirikisho]] na kuwa [[jamhuri ya muungano]] inayokazia zaidi matumizi ya [[lugha]] ya [[Kifaransa]] ingawa [[Kiingereza]] bado ni [[moja]] ya [[lugha rasmi]]. Jina la nchi pia likabadilishwa kuwa ''Jamhuri ya Muungano ya Kameruni'' mwaka wa [[1972]]. Hapo sehemu ya Wakamerun wanaotumia lugha ya Kiingereza walijisikia kuwa wananyimwa [[haki]] zao.<ref>[http://www.africanews.com/2018/03/11/anglophone-crisis-cameroon-must-return-to-federal-system-abolished-under-ahidjo/ Anglophone crisis: Cameroon must return to federal system abolished under Ahidjo], Abdur Rahman Alfa Shaban kwenye tovuti ya africanews.com tar. 11/03/2018</ref> Baadaye, mwaka wa [[1984]] jina likabadilishwa tena kuwa ''Jamhuri ya Kameruni'' (kwa [[Kifaransa]] ''République du Cameroun'').

Tangu mwaka [[2016]] [[upinzani]] uliongezeka kati ya watu wa [[magharibi]] wanaotumia Kiingereza. Harakati hiyo ilijibiwa na serikali na polisi kwa ukali na hii umeleta kuanzishwa kwa wanamgambo wenye [[silaha]] wanaoshambulia [[polisi]] na jeshi la [[serikali kuu]]. Tangu mwaka [[2017]] wapinzani wamedai uhuru wa sehemu yenye lugha ya Kiingereza wakitangaza wameunda nchi mpya ya "Ambazonia". Serikali iliundwa inayokaa Nigeria; lakini kuna vikundi tofauti ambavyo wanapigana kati yao<ref>[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/analysis/2020/07/08/Cameroon-Ambazonia-conflict-peace-whos-who  Ahead of peace talks, a who’s who of Cameroon’s separatist movements], tovuti ya The New Humanitarian tar. 8 July 2020</ref>. Nchi hii haitambuliwi kimataifa. Mwaka 2021 kulikuwa na majadiliano kuhusu amani kati kundi linalojiita serikali ya Ambazonia na serikali ya Kameruni<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/cameroons-separatist-leader-is-willing-to-talk-peace-but-only-with-un-backing/a-52873413 Cameroon's separatist leader is willing to talk peace, but only with UN backing], Tovuti ya Deutsche Welle ya  23.03.2020</ref>, lakini makundi mengine yaliendelea na mapigano ya silaha<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/cameroon Cameroon Events of 2020], tovuti ya Human Rights Watch, taarifa kuhusu Kamerun mwaka 2021</ref>.

== Siasa ==
[[Picha:Paul biya and colin powell.jpg|thumb|Rais wa Kameruni [[Paul Biya]] (kulia)]]
{{main|Siasa za Kamerun}}

== Uchumi ==
[[Picha:Tole-tea-back.jpg|thumb|right|140px|Majani chai inayotoka Kameruni]]
{{main|Uchumi wa Cameroon}}

== Watu ==
[[Picha:Centre Province Yaoundé 002.JPG|thumb|[[Yaoundé]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Kameruni (2003)]]
[[Picha:Maison obus.jpg|thumb|Picha, kaskazini mwa Kameruni]]
[[Picha:Bamun sultan palace.jpg|thumb|[[Ikulu]] ya [[sultani]] wa [[Bamun]] kwa [[Foumban]], Mkoa wa Magharibi]]
{{main|Watu wa Kamerun|Orodha ya lugha za Kamerun}}
Wakazi walikuwa 22,534,532 mwaka [[2013]], ambao wamegawanyika sawasawa kati ya wanaoishi mijini na wale wa vijijini. 

[[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kifaransa]] pamoja na [[Kiingereza]]. Hata hivyo wakazi wanaongea pia [[lugha]] za ma[[kabila]] yao mengi.

Upande wa [[dini]], 70% ni [[Wakristo]] (40% [[Wakatoliki]] na 30% [[Waprotestanti]]), 18% ni [[Waislamu]], 3% ni wafuasi wa [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. 6% hawana dini yoyote.

== Utamaduni ==
[[Picha:Njem house in Cameroon.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya [[Njem]]]]
[[Picha:Maka woman going to fields.jpg|thumb|Mwanamke wa [[Maka]] akienda shamba]]
[[Picha:Tikar family.jpg|thumb|Familia ya [[Tikar]], Kaskazini magharibi]]
{{Main|Utamaduni wa Kamerun|Muziki wa Kamerun|Mapishi ya Kamerun|Waandishi wa Kamerun}}

== Elimu ==
{{main|Elimu Kamerun}}

==Tazama pia==
* [[Ukristo nchini Kamerun|Ukristo nchini Kameruni]]
* [[Kanisa Katoliki nchini Kamerun|Kanisa Katoliki nchini Kameruni]]
* [[Uislamu nchini Kamerun|Uislamu nchini Kameruni]]
* [[Mawasiliano nchini Kamerun|Mawasiliano nchini Kameruni]]
* [[Mambo ya kigeni ya Kamerun|Mambo ya kigeni ya Kameruni]]
* [[Orodha ya miji ya Kamerun|Orodha ya miji ya Kameruni]]
* [[Jeshi la Kamerun|Jeshi la Kameruni]]
* [[Usafirishaji nchini Kamerun|Usafirishaji nchini Kameruni]]
* [[Chama cha Wanaskauti Kamerun|Chama cha Wanaskauti Kameruni]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]]
* [[Demografia ya Afrika]]

==Marejeo==
{{marejeo}}

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Commons|Cameroon}}
'''Serikali'''
* [http://www.prc.cm/ Urais wa Nchi ya Kameruni] Tovuti rasmi ya serikali
* [http://www.cm.refer.org/assnat-cm/ Bunge ya Kameruni] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cm.refer.org/assnat-cm/ |date=20080314133614 }} Tovuti rasmi

'''Habari'''
* [http://allafrica.com/cameroon/ allAfrica - Cameroon] viungo via habari
* [http://www.crtv.cm/ CRTV - Cameroon Radio Television] {{Wayback|url=http://www.crtv.cm/ |date=20110223130537 }} ya serikali
* [http://www.postnewsline.com/ The Post] – Gazeti lenye sifa linalochapwa huko Buea
* {{fr}} [http://www.wagne.net/messager/ Le Messager] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wagne.net/messager/ |date=20051230074603 }} Gazeti la binafsi
* {{fr}} {{en}}[http://www.siantou.com/ Radio Siantou] {{Wayback|url=http://www.siantou.com/ |date=20060411110831 }}

'''Elimu'''
* [http://www.vkii.org Chama cha Wakamerun cha wanainjinia na wanasayansi za compyuta]

'''Uchambuzi'''
* {{en}}[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1042937.stm BBC News - ''Country Profile: Cameroon'']
* {{en}} [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cm.html (Kitabu cha wadadisi wam marekani) - ''Cameroon''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cm.html |date=20021014230648 }}

'''Makabila na koo'''
* [http://www.pygmies.info/ Baka Pygmies of Cameroon] Utamaduni na miziki ya watu wa Kameruni
* [http://www.maurocampagnoli.com/ Anthropological researches in Cameroon] Fieldwork among Cameroonian populations
* [http://www.bamileke.com/ Bamileke, watu wa Kameruni]
* [http://www.bakweri.org/ Bakweri, watu wa Kameruni ya Kiingereza.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bakweri.org/ |date=20060430052625 }}

'''Miongozo'''
* [http://www.cmclick.com CMCLICK Online! Cameroon Portal - ''Cameroon''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cmclick.com/ |date=20210517164438 }} Cameroon Internet Community. Cameroon Business Directory. Cameroon Information. Cameroon Culture.
* [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Cameroon/ Open Directory Project - ''Cameroon''] {{Wayback|url=http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Cameroon/ |date=20060423143659 }} directory category
* [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/camer.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: ''Cameroon''] Maelezo kuhusu Afrika, kusini kwa Sahara.
* [http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Cameroon.html University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: ''Cameroon''] directory category
* [http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Cameroon/ Yahoo! - ''Cameroon''] {{Wayback|url=http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Cameroon/ |date=20060404051138 }} uelekezo, kamerun

'''Utalii'''
* [http://www.kamerun-tourismus.de/index_e.html Cameroon tourism] Picha kuhusu utalii kamerun
* [http://www.cameroonincolour.com Cameroon In Colour] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cameroonincolour.com/ |date=20210509200551 }} Picha za Kameruni
{{Afrika}}
{{African Union}}
{{mbegu-jio-Afrika}}
[[Jamii:Kamerun| ]]
[[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]]
[[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]]