Tazama chanzo cha Georges Lemaitre

[[Image:Universe expansion.png|right|thumb|240px|Utanuzi wa ulimwengu.]]
'''Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1967QJRAS...8..294./0000294.000.html|title=1967QJRAS...8..294. Page 294|website=articles.adsabs.harvard.edu|access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> ({{IPA-fr|ʒɔʁʒə ləmɛtʁ|lang|Fr-Georges Lemaître.oga}}; [[17 Julai]] [[1894]] &ndash; [[20 Juni]] [[1966]]) alikuwa [[padri]], [[mwanaastronomia]] na [[profesa]] wa [[fizikia]] katika [[Leuven|Chuo Kikuu Katoliki cha Leuven]] nchini [[Ubelgiji]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary: Georges Lemaitre|journal=Physics Today|date=September 1966|volume=19|issue=9|pages=119|url=http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v19/i9/p119_s2?bypassSSO=1|doi=10.1063/1.3048455|access-date=2017-09-25|archive-date=2020-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406111822/http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v19/i9/p119_s2?bypassSSO=1|dead-url=yes|https://web.archive.org/web/20200406111822/http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v19/i9/p119_s2?bypassSSO=1|=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406111822/http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v19/i9/p119_s2?bypassSSO=1}}</ref> 

Alikuwa mtaalamu wa kwanza aliyependekeza kwamba ulimwengu unapanuka na chanzo chake kilikuwa katika nafasi ndogo sana iliyopanuka ikiendelea kupanuka hadi leo. Aliita hali ya mwanzo  "atomu asilia" (ing. ''primeval atom'') ambamo nishati na masi yote ya ulimwengu zilikuwepo tayari. 

Hivyo aliweka msingi wa [[nadharia]] ya [[mlipuko mkuu]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Big bang theory is introduced - 1927|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp27bi.html|website=A Science Odyssey|publisher=WGBH|accessdate=31 July 2014}}</ref>. Aligundua pia kanuni zilizotangazwa miaka miwili baadaye na [[Edwin Hubble]] na kujulikana kama "Kanuni za Hubble" ([[Hubble's law]] na [[Hubble constant]])<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110627/full/news.2011.385.html |title=Edwin Hubble in translation trouble |first=Eugenie Samuel |last=Reich |date=27 June 2011 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |doi=10.1038/news.2011.385}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v479/n7372/full/479171a.html |title=Lost in translation: Mystery of the missing text solved |first=Mario |last=Livio |date=10 November 2011 |journal=Nature |volume=479 |issue=7372 |pages=171{{ndash}}173 |doi=10.1038/479171a |bibcode=2011Natur.479..171L |pmid=22071745}}</ref><ref>[[Sidney van den Bergh]] [http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.1195 arxiv.org] 6 Jun 2011 {{arxiv|1106.1195v1}} [physics.hist-ph]</ref><ref>David L. Block [http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.3928 arxiv.org] 20 June 2011 & 8 July 2011 {{arxiv|1106.3928v2}} [physics.hist-ph]</ref><ref>Eugenie Samuel Reich [http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110627/full/news.2011.385.html Published online 27 June 2011| Nature|] {{doi|10.1038/news.2011.385}}</ref><ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v479/n7372/full/479171a.html</ref>).

==Maandishi yake==
* G. Lemaître, ''Discussion sur l'évolution de l'univers'', 1933
* G. Lemaître, ''L'Hypothèse de l'atome primitif'', 1946
* G. Lemaître, ''The Primeval Atom - an Essay on Cosmogony'', D. Van Nostrand Co, 1950.
** [https://archive.org/stream/theoriesoftheuni033062mbp#page/n353/mode/2up "The Primeval Atom,"] in Munitz, Milton K., ed., Theories of the Universe, The Free Press, 1957.
*{{cite journal
 |last=Lemaître |first=G.
 |date=1931
 |title=The Evolution of the Universe: Discussion
 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 |volume=128 |issue=3234 |pages=699–701
 |doi=10.1038/128704a0
 |ref=harv
|bibcode = 1931Natur.128..704L }}
*{{cite journal
 |last=Lemaître |first=G.
 |date=1927
 |title=Un univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extragalactiques
 |journal=[[Annals of the Scientific Society of Brussels]]
 |volume=47A |page=41
 |ref=harv
|language=fr}}
::(Translated in: {{cite journal
 |date=1931
 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
 |volume=91 |pages=483–490
 |title=A Homogeneous Universe of Constant Mass and Growing Radius Accounting for the Radial Velocity of Extragalactic Nebulae
 |bibcode=1931MNRAS..91..483L
 |ref=harv
 |doi=10.1093/mnras/91.5.483
}})
*{{cite journal|journal=Nature|title=The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory|author=G. Lemaître|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v127/n3210/abs/127706b0.html|doi=10.1038/127706b0|date=1931-05-09 |accessdate=2012-02-28|bibcode=1931Natur.127..706L|volume=127|issue=3210|page=706}}

===Tanbihi===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Marejeo===
*{{cite book|last=Farrell|first=John|title=The Day Without Yesterday: Lemaitre, Einstein, and the Birth of Modern Cosmology|url=https://archive.org/details/daywithoutyester0000farr|date=2005|publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=1-56025-660-5}}
*{{cite book|last1=Holder|first1=Rodney|last2=Mitton|first2=Simon|title=Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy (Astrophysics and Space Science Library 395)|date=2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=3642322530}}
* {{cite book | first1=Harry | last1=Nussbaumer | first2=Lydia | last2=Bieri | date = 2009 | title= Discovering the Expanding Universe | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-51484-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RaNOJkQ4l14C}}

==Marejeo mengine==
* {{cite journal | last1 = Berenda | first1 = Carlton W | year = 1951 | title = Notes on Lemaître's Cosmogony | url = | journal = [[The Journal of Philosophy]] | volume = 48 | issue = 10 }}
* Berger, A.L., editor, ''The Big Bang and Georges Lemaître: Proceedings of a Symposium in honour of G. Lemaître fifty years after his initiation of Big-Bang Cosmology, Louvain-Ia-Neuve, Belgium, 10–13 October 1983'' (Springer, 2013).
* {{cite journal | last1 = Cevasco | first1 = George A | year = 1954 | title = The Universe and Abbe Lemaitre | url = | journal = [[Irish Monthly]] | volume = 83 | issue = 969 }}
* Godart, Odon & Heller, Michal (1985) ''Cosmology of Lemaître'', Pachart Publishing House.
* Farrell, John, ''The Day Without Yesterday: Lemaître, Einstein and the Birth of Modern Cosmology'' (Basic Books, 2005), {{ISBN|978-1560256601}}.
* Lambert, Dominique, ''The Atom of the Universe: The Life and Work of Georges Lemaître'' (Copernicus Center Press, 2015), {{ISBN|978-8378860716}}.
* {{cite journal | last1 = McCrea | first1 = William H. | year = 1970 | title = Cosmology Today: A Review of the State of the Science with Particular Emphasis on the Contributions of Georges Lemaître | url = | journal = [[American Scientist]] | volume = 58 | issue = 5 }}
*{{Cite encyclopedia| first = Helge| last = Kragh| title = Georges Lemaître| url = http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/scholastic/Dictionary%20of%20Scientific%20Biography/15.%20Lema%c3%aetre%20b.%201894%20(Kragh).pdf| publisher = Scribner & American Council of Learned Societies| isbn = 978-0-684-10114-9| editor-last = Gillispie| editor-first = Charles| encyclopedia = [[Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]| pages = 542–543| location = New York| date = 1970}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/scholastic/Dictionary%20of%20Scientific%20Biography/15.%20Lema%c3%aetre%20b.%201894%20(Kragh).pdf |date=20220208064636 }}
* Turek, Jósef. ''Georges Lemaître and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences,'' Specola Vaticana, 1989.

== Viungo vya nje ==
* [http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0022.html  'A Day Without Yesterday': Georges Lemaître & the Big Bang] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0022.html |date=20070706021420 }}
* [http://blog.modernmechanix.com/2007/01/11/blast-of-giant-atom-created-our-universe/ Donald H. Menzel, "Blast of Giant Atom Created Our Universe"] {{Wayback|url=http://blog.modernmechanix.com/2007/01/11/blast-of-giant-atom-created-our-universe/ |date=20110831120702 }}, ''Modern Mechanics'' (December 1932)

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lemaitre, Georges}}
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