Tazama chanzo cha Benjamin Mkapa

{{Infobox president
| honorific-prefix =
| name             = Benjamin Mkapa
| honorific-suffix =
| image            = Benjamin William Mkapa - World Economic Forum on Africa 2010 - 1.jpg
| alt              =
| imagesize        =
| order            = 
| office           = [[Rais wa Tanzania]]
| term_start       = 23 Novemba 1995
| term_end         = 21 Decemba 2005
| vicepresident    = [[Omar Ali Juma]] <small>(1995–2001)</small><br> [[Ali Mohamed Shein]] <small>(2001-05)</small>
| predecessor      = [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]]
| successor        = [[Jakaya Kikwete]]
| order2           =
| office2          = Waziri wa Sayansi, Teknolojia na Elimu ya Juu, 
| term_start2      = 1992
| term_end2        = 1995
| president2       = [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]]
| predecessor2     =
| successor2       =
| order3           =
| office3          = Waziri wa Habari na Utangazaji
| term_start3      = 1990
| term_end3        = 1992
| president3       = [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]]
| predecessor3     =
| successor3       =
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1938|11|12|df=y}}
| birth_place      = Ndanda, [[Masasi]], [[Tanganyika (nchi)|Tanganyika]]
| death_date       = 24 Julai 2020
| death_place      = Dar es Salaam
| nationality      = M[[tanzania]]
| spouse           = Anna Mkapa
| party            = [[Chama cha Mapinduzi|CCM]]
| relations        =
| children         = 2
| residence        = 
| alma_mater       = [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] <br> [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]] <br> [[Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania]]
| occupation       =
| profession       = mwandishi wa habari, mwanadiplomasia
| religion         = [[Ukristo]] ([[Kanisa Katoliki]])
| signature        =
| signature_alt    =
| website          =
| footnotes        =
}}
{{History of Tanzania}}
'''Benjamini William Mkapa''' ([[12 Novemba]] [[1938]] - [[24 Julai]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[Rais]] wa awamu ya tatu wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa [[Tanzania]] ([[1995]]-[[2005]]) na [[mwenyekiti]] wa [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]], CCM.<ref name="PBS"> [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/prof_benjaminmkapa.html "Benjamin Mkapa",] Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2001, [[WGBH (FM)]], pbs.org, ilitolewa 19-Oktoba-2009</ref>

== Wasifu ==
Mkapa alizaliwa Lupaso karibu na [[Masasi]] katika kusini-mashariki ya [[Tanganyika]]. Kuanzia 1945 hadi 1951 alsoma shule za msingi pale Lupaso na Ndanda. 1952/53 alisoma shule ya seminari ya Kigonsera akaendelea kwenye shule ya sekondari ya [[Wabenedikto|watawa Wabenedikto]] pale Ndanda hadi kumaliza O-level. 1958/59 alimaliza A-levels pale St Farncis, Dar es Salaam (leo hii Pugu Secondary). Alipokelewa kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] alipohitimu 1962. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html |title=Benjamin Mkapa, |accessdate=2010-01-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106024730/http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html |archivedate=2009-01-06 }}</ref>

===Hatua za maisha ya kazi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106024730/http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html ABOUT President of Tanzania BENJAMIN WILLIAM MKAPA], tovuti ya dsctanzia.org ya 2004, sehemu ya tovuti ya Delray Beach Sister Cities' programme, ilivyohifadhiwa kwenye archive.org, kuangaliwa Agosti 2020</ref>===
*Aprili 1962: Afisa tawala [[Dodoma]]
*Aprili 1962: Mkuu wa Wilaya
*Agosti 1962: alijiunga na Utumishi wa wizara ya mambo ya nje
*Mei 1966: Mhariri mkuu, gazeti la Uhuru 
*Aprili 1972: Mhariri mkuu, Daily News
*Julai 1974: Afisa habari katika Ofisi ya Rais, Dar es Salaam 
*Julai 1976: Mwanzilishi na mhariri mkuu wa Shirika la habari la Tanzania (SHIHATA)
*Oktoba 1976: Balozi wa Tanzania pale Nigeria
*Februari 1977: Waziri wa Mambo ya Wje
*Novemba 1980: Waziri wa Habari na Utamaduni
*Aprili 1982: Balozi wa Tanzania pale [[Kanada]]
*Februari 1983: Balozi wa Tanzania pale [[Marekani]]
*Aprili 1984: Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje
*1990: Waziri wa Habari na Utangazaji
*Mei 1992: Waziri wa Sayansi, Teknolojia na Elimu ya Juu
*Novemba 1995: Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania

===Rais wa Tanzania===
Katika mwaka wa 1995, Mkapa alichaguliwa rais msingi wake ukiwa kampeni maarufu ya kupambana na ufisadi na kuuungwa mkono kwa nguvu na rais wa zamani [[Julius Nyerere]] <ref name="AJPS"> Bruce Heilman na Laurean Ndumbaro, [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/political%20science/volume7n1/ajps007001002.pdf "Corruption, Politics and Societal Values in Tanzania: An Evaluation of the Mkapa Administration's Anti-Corruption Efforts",] Afr. J. polit. sd. (2002), Toleo 1 Nambari 7</ref>. Juhudi za Mkapa za kupambana na ufisadi ni pamoja na kuumba jukwaa la wazi lililoitwa Tume ya Rais juu ya Ufisadi (Tume ya Warioba) na kuongeza msaada kwa Afisi ya Kuzuia Ufisadi.<ref name="AJPS" />

Muhula wa pili wa miaka 5 wa Mkapa kama Rais uliisha Desemba 2005. Katika wakati wake ofisini, Mkapa alibinafsisha [[kampuni]] zilizomilikiwa na [[serikali]] akaweka sera za [[soko huria]].<ref name="aku" /> Wafuasi wake walimtetea kuwa kuvutia uwekezaji wa kigeni ungesaidia kukuza [[uchumi]]. Sera zake zilipata msaada wa [[Benki ya Dunia]] na [[IMF]] na kupelekea baadhi ya madeni ya nje ya Tanzania kufutiliwa mbali.<ref name="AJPS" />

Amekashifiwa kwa upungufu wa baadhi ya jitihada zake za kupambana na ufisadi <ref name="AJPS" /> vilevile matumizi mabaya ya fedha za umma. Utawala wake ulikuwa na matumizi sana na maposho bila kikomo. Alitumia £ 15 milioni kununua ndege ya binafsi ya kirais, vilevile karibu £ 30 milioni kwa vifaa vya angani vya kijeshi ambavyo wataalamu waliona yalizidi mahitaji machache ya majeshi ya nchi.<ref> Gideoni Burrows, [http://www.newstatesman.com/200309080010 "We sell arms to Saddam's friends",] ''New Statesman,''  8 Septemba 2003</ref> Ilikuwa juu ya ununuzi huo wa mwisho ndipo katibu wa maendeleo ya kimataifa wa Uingereza wa wakati huo Clare Short alielezea hasira ya umma, na kusababisha yeye kujulikana kama 'Mama Radar' katika [[vyombo vya habari]] vya Tanzania.

Baada ya kutoka ofisini kwa kukamilisha mihula miwili inayoruhusiwa, Mkapa alikumbwa na shutuma nyingi za ufisadi kati yao kujipa mwenyewe na Waziri wake wa zamani wa nishati na madini  Daniel Yona "Mgodi wa Makaa ya Mawe wa Kiwira" yenye faida kubwa katika [[Nyanda za Juu za Kusini Tanzania|Nyanda za juu za kusini]] mwa Tanzania bila taratibu zifuatazo. Kwa kujibinafsishia [[mgodi]] wa [[makaa ya mawe]] wa Kiwira, alivunja [[katiba]] ya Tanzania ambayo haimruhusu rais kufanya [[biashara]] yoyote katika [[ikulu]]{{Citation needed}}.

Aliteuliwa katika Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Chuo cha Aga Khan mwezi Novemba 2007.<ref name="aku">[http://www.aku.edu.pk/university/bot/bwm.shtml "Mheshimiwa Benjamin William Mkapa",] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aku.edu.pk/university/bot/bwm.shtml |date=20110903143820 }} Bodi ya Wadhamini, Chuo cha AKU, ilitolewa 19-10-2009</ref>

==Heshima na Tuzo==
===Nishani===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|--
! colspan=2 | Nishani
! Nchi
! Mwaka
! Ref
|-
| width="80px" | [[File:Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya.svg|80px]]
| Nishani ya Moyo wa Dhahabu wa Kenya (Chifu)
| {{flag|Kenya}}
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.panapress.com/Mkapa-lauds-Kenya-s-democratic-posture--13-574735-17-lang1-index.html |title=Mkapa lauds Kenya's democratic posture |date= 12 October 2005 |publisher= ''panapress.com'' |accessdate=26 Septemba 2013}}</ref>
|-
| width="80px" | [[File:Order of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Tanzania) - ribbon bar.png|80px]]
| Nishani ya Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere
| {{flag|Tanzania}}
| align="center" | 2011
| align="center" |
|}
Mnamo Desemba 7, 2019, alitunukiwa Nishani ya Heshima ikiwa ni kuthamini mchango wake katika kuanzisha vyuo vikuu binafsi, hivyo kukifanya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Iringa (UoI)|Chuo Kikuu cha Iringa]] kuwa chuo kikuu cha kwanza binafsi nchini Tanzania wakati wa utawala wake.

===Shahada za Heshima===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chuo Kikuu !! Nchi !! Shahada ya Uzamivu !! Mwaka !! Ref
|-
| Chuo Kikuu cha Sōka || {{flag|Japan}} || Shahada ya Heshima ||  align="center" |1998 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI">{{cite web |url= http://www.rotary9200.org/downloads/districtconference/83rd%20D9200%20Conference%20Report%20-%20%20Final.pdf |title= 83RD Annual District Conference & Assembly |format= [[PDF]] |date= 17 May 2008 |publisher= Page 10, Rotary International District 9200 |language= Kiingereza |accessdate= 26 Septemba 2013 |archivedate= 2013-06-25 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130625105127/http://www.rotary9200.org/downloads/districtconference/83rd%20D9200%20Conference%20Report%20-%20%20Final.pdf }}</ref>
|-
| Chuo cha Morehouse || {{USA}} || Shahada ya Heshima ||  align="center" |1999 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI"/>
|-
| [[Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania]] || {{TZA}} || Shahada ya Heshima ||  align="center" |2003 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI"/>
|-
| Chuo Kikuu ya Kitaifa cha Lesotho || {{LES}} || Daktari wa Sheria || align="center" |2005 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI"/>
|-
| [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta]] || {{KEN}} || Daktari wa Elimu || align="center" |2005 || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=39 |title=Prominent Alumni |date= |publisher=[[Kenyatta University]] |language=Kiingereza |accessdate=26 Septemba 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930104753/http://www.ku.ac.ke/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=39 |archivedate=2013-09-30 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] || {{TZA}} || Shahada ya Heshima || align="center" |2005 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI"/>
|-
| Chuo Kikuu cha Nyukasal || {{UK}} || Daktari wa Sheria ya Kiraia ||  align="center" |2007 || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ncl.ac.uk/congregations/assets/documents/BenjaminMkapa.pdf |title= Citation: Benjamin William Mkapa DCL |format= [[PDF]] |date= 2007 |publisher= Newcastle University |language= Kiingereza |accessdate= 26 Septemba 2013 |archivedate= 2013-05-31 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130531053328/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/congregations/assets/documents/BenjaminMkapa.pdf }}</ref>
|-
| Chuo Kikuu cha Rasi ya Pwani (Cape Coast) || {{GHA}} || Daktari wa Barua || align="center" |2008 || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/189929/1/ucc-honours-former-tanzanian-leader.html |title=UCC honours former Tanzanian leader |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= modernghana.com |publisher= |language= Kiingereza |accessdate=26 Septemba 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]]<br />||{{UGA}} || Daktari wa Sheria || align="center" |2009 || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.mak.ac.ug/2009/12/he-benjamin-mkapa-receives-makerere-honorary-phd |title= H.E. Benjamin Mkapa receives Makerere Honorary PhD |date= 27 November 2009 |publisher= [[Makerere University]] |language= Kiingereza |accessdate=26 Septemba 2013}}</ref>
|}

== Marejeo ==
{{Marejeo}}

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Wikiquote|Benjamin Mkapa}}
* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/int_benjaminmkapa.html 2001 mahojiano na ''Public Broadcasting Station'']
* [http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/dec2001/tanz-d29.shtml "Serikali ya Uingereza yagawanyika juu ya mfumo wa radar wa Tanzania"]
* [http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/guardian/2007/02/01/83504.html "Blair ashtumiwa juu ya mpango wa rada wa Tanzania"]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/2044206.stm "Mpango wa rada wa Tanzania "upotezaji wa fedha"]
* [http://www.thisday.co.tz/News/2497.html "Umiliki wa mradi wa nguvu ya makaa ya mawe ya Kiwira : Uhusiano wa Mkapa-Yona"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thisday.co.tz/News/2497.html |date=20071229232908 }}
* [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/rais-mstaafu-benjamin-mkapa-kutunukiwa-nishani-ya-heshima-kwa-kuanzisha-vyuo-vikuu-binafsi-nchini-wakati-wa-utawala-wake.1661870/ "Rais mstaafu Benjamin Mkapa Kutunukiwa Nishani ya Heshima kwa Kuanzisha Vyuo Vikuu Binafsi Nchini Wakati wa Utawala Wake.1661870/]
* [http://www.commissionforafrica.org/english/commissioners/bios/mkapa.html Benjamin Mkapa bio] {{Wayback|url=http://www.commissionforafrica.org/english/commissioners/bios/mkapa.html |date=20090709104055 }} katika Tume ya Afrika

{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=[[Orodha ya Marais wa Tanzania|Rais wa Tanzania]]|before=[[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]]|after=[[Jakaya Kikwete]]|years=1995-2005}}
{{end box}}

{{Marais wa Tanzania}}
{{mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mkapa, Benjamin}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]]
[[Jamii:Marais wa Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Waliohudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]]
[[Jamii:Chama Cha Mapinduzi]]