Tazama chanzo cha Amsterdam

[[Picha:Amsterdam_-_Rijksmuseum_-_panoramio_-_Nikolai_Karaneschev.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Sehemu ya Mji wa Amsterdam]] 

{{Infobox Settlement
|jina_rasmi               = Amsterdam
|picha_ya_satelite        = Amsterdam 4.89943E 52.37109N.jpg
| maelezo_ya_picha        = 
|picha_ya_bendera         = Flag of Amsterdam.svg
| ukubwa_ya_bendera       = 120x80px
|picha_ya_nembo           = Wapen van Amsterdam bewerkt.PNG
| ukubwa_ya_nembo         = 120x80px
|pushpin_map              = Uholanzi
| pushpin_map_caption     = Mahali pa mji wa Amsterdam katika Uholanzi
|settlement_type          = Mji
|subdivision_name         = [[Uholanzi]]
| subdivision_type        = [[Madola|Nchi]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Noord-Holland]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Mikoa ya Uholanzi|Mkoa]]
|subdivision_name2        = 
| subdivision_type2       = 
|leader_title             = meya
|leader_name              = [[Femke Halsema]]
|wakazi_kwa_ujumla        = {{formatnum:780152}}
| idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa = 2010
|latd=52  |latm=22  |lats=0  |latNS=N
| longd=4 |longm=54 |longs=0 |longEW=E
| coordinates_type        = type:adm2nd(780152)_region:NL-NH
|image_map                = LocationAmsterdam.png
| map_caption             = Mahali pa Amsterdam
|website                  = [http://www.amsterdam.nl/ amsterdam.nl]
}}
'''Amsterdam''' ni [[mji mkuu]] pia [[mji]] mkubwa wa [[Uholanzi]]. Inajulikana kama mji wa [[mifereji]] mingi wenye wakazi 800,000, [[vyuo vikuu]] viwili na [[Uwanja wa ndege|uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa]] mkubwa wa "[[Schiphol]]".

==Kujisomea vitabu kufuatana na wakati wa kutolewa==
===Vitabu vya karne ya 17-18===
* {{Citation |publisher = John Noon |publication-place = London |author = Monsieur de Blainville |title = Travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, but especially Italy |publication-date = 1757 |others=Translated by Turnbull |chapter=Amsterdam |chapterurl= http://www.archive.org/stream/travelsthroughho01blai#page/30/mode/2up }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Printed for J. Almon |publication-place = London |title = Travels through Holland, Flanders, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Lapland, Russia, the Ukraine, and Poland, in the years 1768, 1769, and 1770 |author=Joseph Marshall |publication-date = 1772 |oclc = 3354484 |chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/stream/travelsthroughho01mars#page/50/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam }}

===Vitabu vya karne ya 19===
* {{cite book |title=A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer |year=1800|publisher=[[John Stockdale]] |location=London |oclc=79519893 |chapter=Amsterdam |chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=6OlWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA125 }}
* {{cite book |title=Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium |location= Paris |publisher= A. and W. Galignani |year= 1822 |chapter=Amsterdam |chapterurl=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101073846667?urlappend=%3Bseq=151 |edition=4th }}
* {{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |publication-place = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |authorlink1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |publication-date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapterurl= http://www.archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/37/mode/1up |chapter= Amsterdam }}
* {{Cite book |publisher =[[William Blackwood]] |publication-date = 1830 |publication-place = Edinburgh |title = Edinburgh Encyclopaedia |editor=[[David Brewster]] |chapter=Amsterdam |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015082314801?urlappend=%3Bseq=756 }}
* {{cite journal |date=January 1834 |title=Some Account of the City of Amsterdam |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015082315386?urlappend=%3Bseq=44 |journal=[[The Saturday Magazine (magazine)|Saturday Magazine]] |location=London |volume=4 }}
* {{Citation |publisher = [[John Murray (publisher)|John Murray]] |publication-place = London |title = Hand-Book for Travellers on the Continent |edition=2nd |chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookfortrav00john#page/42/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam |publication-date = 1838 |oclc = 2030550 }}
* {{Citation |publisher = H. Hughes |publication-place = London |author = Francis Coghlan |title = Handbook for European Tourists through Belgium, Holland |edition=2nd |publication-date = 1847 |chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookforeurop02cogh#page/12/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam }}
* {{cite book |title=Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World |author= J. Willoughby Rosse |location= London |publisher=[[Henry George Bohn|H.G. Bohn]] |year=1858 |via=Hathi Trust |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x030807786?urlappend=%3Bseq=39 |chapter= Amsterdam 
}}
* {{Citation 
|publisher = Trubner & Co. |publication-place = London |author = Francis Coghlan |title = Coghlan's Illustrated Guide to the Rhine |edition=18th |publication-date = 1863 |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=PEsQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA112 |chapter=Amsterdam
| ref = {{harvid|Coghlan|1863}} 
}}
* {{Citation 
|publisher = Thomas Cook and Son |title = Cook's Tourist's Handbook for Holland, Belgium, and the Rhine |publication-date = 1874 |oclc = 9054680 |chapter=Amsterdam |chapterurl= http://www.archive.org/stream/cookstouristsha11ltdgoog#page/n37/mode/2up 
| ref = {{harvid|Cook|1874}}
}}
* {{Citation 
|publisher = John Murray |publication-place = London |title = Handbook for travellers in Holland and Belgium |edition=19th |publication-date = 1876 |oclc = 221452961 |chapterurl=http://archive.org/stream/handbookfortr00lond#page/n87/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam 
| ref = {{harvid|Murray|1876}}
}}
* {{Citation 
|title = A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation |publication-date = 1880 |publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co. |location=London |chapter=Amsterdam |chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryprac00mccu#page/n91/mode/2up |author=[[John Ramsay McCulloch]] |editor=Hugh G. Reid 
| ref = {{harvid|McCulloch|1880}}
}}
* {{Citation |publisher = Harper & Brothers |publication-place = New York |author = W. Pembroke Fetridge |authorlink=William Pembroke Fetridge |chapterurl = http://www.archive.org/stream/harperseuropeeast00fetr#page/534/mode/2up |title = Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East |chapter=Amsterdam |publication-date = 1885 }}
* {{Citation 
|publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipsic |title = Belgium and Holland |edition = 3rd |publication-date = 1891 |oclc = 5624932 |chapterurl= http://archive.org/stream/belgiumandholland00karl#page/n407/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam 
| ref = {{harvid|Baedeker|1891}}
}}
* {{Citation |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=j2QDAAAAQAAJ |title = Bradshaw's illustrated hand-book for Belgium and the Rhine |publication-date = 1895 |location=London |publisher=Adams & Sons |chapter=Amsterdam |page=186+ |series=[[Bradshaw's Guide]]}}

===Vitabu vya karne ya 20===
* {{cite book 
|title=[[Chambers's Encyclopaedia]] 
|location=London 
|year=1901 
|chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5bc48059?urlappend=%3Bseq=264
|chapter=Amsterdam 
| ref = {{harvid|Chambers|1901}}
}}
* {{Citation |publisher = J.H. Herz |publication-place = Berlin |title = Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, &c |author = Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft |edition = 4th |publication-date = 1903 |oclc = 36795367 |chapterurl=http://archive.org/stream/guidethroughger00gesgoog#page/n885/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam }}
* {{citation |title=[[Jewish Encyclopedia]] |location=New York |chapter=Amsterdam |volume=1 |year= 1907 |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435029752946?urlappend=%3Bseq=591 
}}
* {{cite book |title=Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways |author=C.B. Black |edition=3rd |location=London |publisher =[[Adam and Charles Black]] |year=1908 |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=2tJoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA64 |chapter=Amsterdam 
| ref = {{harvid|Black|1908}}
}}
* {{cite book |title=Guide to Holland |location=London |publisher= Ward, Lock and Co. |year=c. 1909 |edition=5th |chapter=Amsterdam |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101073701508?urlappend=%3Bseq=138 }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipzig |title = Belgium and Holland, including the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 397759 |chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/stream/belgiumhollan00karl#page/362/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam }}
* {{Citation 
|publication-place = New York |title = [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 14782424 |edition=11th |chapterurl=http://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri01chisrich#page/896/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam 
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}
* {{Citation |publisher = Doubleday, Page |publication-place = Garden City, N.Y. |author = Esther Singleton |title = Great Cities of Europe |publication-date = 1913 |chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/stream/greatcitiesofeur00singiala#page/124/mode/2up |chapter=City of Amsterdam 
}}
* {{cite journal 
|title=Amsterdam: Its Town Planning Development |author= W. Dougill |journal= Town Planning Review |volume= 14 |date=May 1931 
| ref = {{harvid|Dougill|1931}}
}}
* {{cite journal |title=The Carillons of Amsterdam |author=Ian F. Finlay |journal= Galpin Society Journal |volume= 6 |date=July 1953 
| ref = {{harvid|Finlay|1953}}
}}
* {{Citation |publisher = University of Oklahoma Press  |publication-place = USA |title = Amsterdam in the Age of Rembrandt |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL5538411M/Amsterdam_in_the_age_of_Rembrandt |author = John Joseph Murray |publication-date = 1967 |ol=5538411M |series=Centers of Civilization Series }}
* {{cite book|author=Peter Burke|title=Venice and Amsterdam: A Study of Seventeeth- Century Elites |url=https://archive.org/details/veniceamsterdams0000burk|year=1974 }}
* {{cite journal 
|title="Memoria Para Os Siglos Futuros": Myth and Memory on the Beginnings of the Amsterdam Sephardi Community |author= Robert Cohen |journal=Jewish History |volume=2 |year=1987 |jstor=20101033 
| ref = {{harvid|Cohen|1987}}
}}

===Vitabu vya karne ya 21===
* {{Citation 
|publisher = Ashgate Publishing |isbn = 9780754608448 |title = Comic Print and Theatre in Early Modern Amsterdam |author = Angela Vanhaelen |publication-date = 2003 
| ref = {{harvid|Vanhaelen|2003}}
}}
* {{cite journal 
|title=Deadlocks and breakthroughs in urban renewal: a network analysis in Amsterdam |author1= Marietta Haffner |author2= Marja Elsinga |journal= Journal of Housing and the Built Environment |volume= 24 |year= 2009 |jstor=41107458 
| ref = {{harvid|Haffner|2009}}
}}
* {{Citation 
|publisher = Amsterdam University Press |isbn = 9789089641687 |publication-place = Amsterdam |title = Ethnic Amsterdam: immigrants and urban change in the twentieth century |editor = Liza Nell and Jan Rath |publication-date = 2010
}}
* {{cite book 
|title=Imagining Global Amsterdam: History, Culture, and Geography in a World City |url=https://archive.org/details/imaginingglobala0000waar |editor=Marco De Waard |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |year= 2012 |isbn=9089643672 
| ref = {{harvid|Waard|2012}}
}}
* {{cite book
|editor=Colum Hourihane |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-539536-5 
|chapter=Amsterdam
|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61
}}

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{commonscat}}
* {{nl}} [http://www.amsterdam.nl/ Tovuti rasmi]
* {{en}} [http://www.holland.com/global/destinations/amsterdam/ Utalii - tovuti rasmi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.holland.com/global/destinations/amsterdam/ |date=20100419035231 }} 

{{Mbegu-jio-Uholanzi}}

[[Jamii:Amsterdam| ]]
[[Jamii:Miji ya Olimpiki]]
[[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Ulaya]]