Tazama chanzo cha Saudia

{{Infobox Country
|native_name              = <span style="line-height:1.33em;"><big> المملكة العربية السعودية </big><br />''Al-Mamlaka al-'Arabiyya as-Sa'ūdiyya''</span>
|conventional_long_name   = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">Ufalme wa Uarabuni wa Saudia</span>
|common_name              = Saudi Arabia
|image_flag               = Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg
|image_coat               =Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg
|image_map                = Saudi Arabia in its region.svg 
|national_motto           =  <big>[[Shahada (Uislamu)|لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله]]</big><small>([[Kiarabu]])</small><br />''Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasūlu-llāhi''<small><br />"Hakuna mungu ila Allah; Muhammad ni mtume wa Allah"</small>
|national_anthem          = ''[[ash al malik]]'' ("Asifiwe mfalme")
|official_languages       = [[Kiarabu]]
|official_religion        = [[Uislamu]]
|capital                  = [[Riyadh]]
|latd=24 |latm=39 |latNS=N |longd=46 |longm=46 |longEW=E
|largest_city             = Riyad
|government_type          = [[Ufalme]]
|leader_titles            = [[Mfalme]]<br />[[Mfalme Mteule]]
|leader_names             = [[Salman bin Abdulaziz]]<br />[[Mohammed bin Salman]]
|area_rank                = ya 13 
|area_magnitude           = 1 E12
|area                     = 2,149,690
|areami²                  = 829,996 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water            = 0.7%
|population_estimate      = 34,218,169<sup>1</sup><!--"The total population - General Authority for Statistics". stats.gov.sa. Retrieved 31 October 2019.-->
|population_estimate_year = 2019
|population_estimate_rank = ya 40 <sup>2</sup>
|population_census        = 
|population_census_year   = 
|population_density       = 15
|population_densitymi²    = 38.8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank  = ya 174
|GDP_PPP_year             = 2006
|GDP_PPP                  = $576,400 billioni <!--IMF-->
|GDP_PPP_rank             = 2ya 4 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita       = $15,338
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank  = ya 46 
|sovereignty_type         = Kuanzishwa 
|established_events       = Ilitangazwa<br />Ilitambuliwa<br />Iliunganishwa<br /><br /><br />
|established_dates        = <br />[[8 Januari]] [[1926]]<br />[[20 Mei]] [[1927]]<br />[[23 Septemba]] [[1932]] 
|HDI_year                 = 2004
|HDI                      = {{increase}} 0.777
|HDI_rank                 = ya 76 
|HDI_category             = <font color="#ffcc00">medium</font>
|currency                 = [[Riyal]]
|currency_code            = SAR
|country_code             = SAU
|time_zone                = 
|utc_offset               = +3
|time_zone_DST            = +3
|utc_offset_DST           = 
|cctld                    = [[.sa]]
|calling_code             = 966
|footnotes                = <sup>1</sup> Kadirio la jumla ya wakazi pamoja na watu 5,576,076 wasio wazalendo<br />
}}
'''Ufalme wa Uarabuni wa Saudia''' (<big>'''المملكة العربية السعودية'''</big>, al-mamlaka al-'arabiyya as-sa'audiyya ) ni nchi kubwa kati ya nchi za [[Bara Arabu]].  

Imepakana na [[Yordani]], [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Qatar]], [[Bahrain]], [[Falme za Kiarabu]], [[Oman]] na [[Yemen]]. 

Kuna [[pwani]] ya [[Ghuba la Uajemi]] upande wa [[kaskazini]]-[[mashariki]] na [[Bahari ya Shamu]] upande wa [[magharibi]].

==Historia==
[[Jina]] la nchi limetokana na lile la [[familia]] ya [[watawala]], yaani la mtu aliyeianzisha, [[Chifu]] [[Ibn Saud]] wa [[Riyad]]. Yeye, baada ya kuondoka kwa [[jeshi]] la [[Waturuki]] [[Waosmani]] waliotawala [[Arabia]] kwa [[karne]] kadha, alishinda [[vita]] baina ya [[Kabila|makabila]] ya Uarabuni mwa kati akaweza kuvamia na kutawala maeneo ya [[Najd]] na [[Hejaz]] na [[mwaka]] [[1932]] alitangaza [[Ufalme wa Uarabuni wa Saudia]].

=== Watangulizi wa Ufalme wa Saudia ===
Kwa maelezo zaidi, Najd ilikuwa ndiyo chanzo cha harakati ya [[Wahabiya]] tangu [[karne ya 18]] walioshikamana na [[nasaba]] ya Saud<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Arabia History of Arabia], tovuti ya Encyclopedia Britannica</ref>.   

[[Mwaka]] [[1744]] [[kiongozi]] wa kikabila [[Muhammad bin Saud]] aliungana na kiongozi wa kidini [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]] na umoja huo wa [[familia]] ya Saud na [[kundi]] la kidini la [[Wahabiya]] uliweka msingi wa [[emirati]] ya Wasaudi Uarabuni. 

=== Emirati ya Diriyah ===
Muhammad bin Saud alitawala kutoka [[mji]] wa [[Diriyah]], ambao leo ni sehemu ya [[jiji]] la [[Riyad]]. Hadi [[kifo]] chake kwenye mwaka [[1765]] aliweza kupanua utawala wake juu ya Najd na [[pwani]] ya [[mashariki]] ya Uarabuni.  

[[Mwana|Mwanawe]] [[Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad]] alimfuata hadi mwaka [[1803]]. [[Itikadi kali]] ya Wahabiya ilimshawishi kuangalia [[Waislamu]] [[Washia]] kama [[wazushi]] na [[Adui|maadui]] na mwaka [[1801]] [[jeshi]] lake liliingia [[Iraki]] (jimbo la Waosmani) waliopoangamiza mji wa [[Karbala]] wenye [[kaburi]] la [[Ali ibn Abu Talib]] na [[watakatifu]] wengine wa Washia. Walibomoa makaburi na kuua wakazi 5,000. 

Mwandamizi wake [[Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud]] aliendelea kupanua mamlaka yake na mwaka [[1805]] alivamia pia miji mitakatifu ya [[Makka]] na [[Madina]]. Wasaudia waliongeza [[ada]] ya Waislamu waliofika [[Hija|kuhiji]] wakakataza [[desturi]] nyingi zilizokuwa kawaida kama matumizi ya [[ala za muziki]], [[ukahaba]] na kunywa [[divai]]. Walijaribu pia kuboma [[kuba]] juu ya kaburi la [[Mtume Muhamad]] lakini walishindwa, wakaendelea kubomoa makaburi yaliyopambwa ya wenzake Muhamad. 

[[Idadi]] ya Wahiji ilipungua sana. [[Sultani]] wa Waosmani [[Mahmud II]], aliyekuwa pia na [[cheo]] cha [[khalifa]] wa Waislamu na [[mlinzi]] wa miji mitakatifu, alimtuma alitazamiwa kama mzushi na Wahabiya, aliona [[aibu]] kubwa. Hivyo alimtuma [[gavana]] wa [[Misri]] [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhamad Ali Pasha]] aliyerudisha Makka chini ya utawala wa Kiosmani, alimshinda Abdullah bin Saud, mwana wa Saud bin Abdul Aziz, na hatimaye kuteka [[mji mkuu]] wa Wasaudia, na hivyo kumaliza emirati yao ya kwanza mwaka [[1818]]. Abdullah alitumwa [[Istanbul]] alipopewa [[adhabu ya kifo]].

=== Emirati ya pili ===
Baada ya kundoka kwa jeshi la Wamisri katika Najd mwana wake Abdullah alirudi akaweza kuteka mji wa Riyad na kuanzisha tena emirati ndogo lakini mamlaka yake haikuenea mbali, alisimamia sehemu ya Najd pekee. Hapo watawala wa Saudi walipata mashindano na machifu wa [[Waarabu]] wa jirani, na mwaka [[1891]] walipaswa kuondoka Najd na kukimbilia [[Kuwait]].

=== Emirati ya tatu ===
Lakini mwaka [[1902]] [[Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud]] alifaulu kuvamia tena Riyad na kuimarisha utawala wake huko. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Duniaa]] hakushiriki katika [[vita]] ya [[Waarabu]] dhidi ya Waosmani, badala yake alishindana na [[makabila]] ya Najd ambayo hawakumtambua kama mkuu. 

Mwaka [[1921]] aliweza kujitangaza [[Emir]] wa Najd. Hapo alivamia [[ufalme]] wa [[Hijaz]] akaushinda na mwaka [[1926]] Ibn Saud alijitangaza kuwa mfalme wa Hijaz. Mwaka uliofuata alianza kutumia [[cheo]] cha mfalme pia kwa Najd. Baada ya kutawala sehemu hizo mbili kwa namna ya pekee alitangaza maungano ya falme zote mbili kwenye mwaka [[1932]] akaanzisha Ufalme wa Uarabuni wa Saudia<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/7.htm The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam], Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Saudi Arabia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992</ref>.

==Watu==
Ukiacha wahamiaji, wenyeji ni [[Waarabu]] (90%) na [[chotara|machotara]] Waarabu-Waafrika (10%)

[[Lugha rasmi]] na ya kawaida ni [[Kiarabu]], lakini wahamiaji wanatumia pia [[lugha]] zao, hasa [[Kitagalog]], [[Kirohingya]], [[Kiurdu]], [[Kiarabu cha Misri]] na [[Kiindonesia]].

Mara nyingi Saudia inaitwa "al-haramain", yaani nchi ya mahali [[patakatifu]] pawili, kwa kumaanisha [[Mji|miji]] ya [[Makka]] na [[Madina]] ambayo ni miji mitakatifu zaidi katika [[Uislamu]]. Upande wa madhehebu, [[Wasuni]] ni 85% na [[Washia]] 15% hivi.

Ukweli huu unatumika kuzuia waumini wa [[dini]] nyingine zote, ambao ni [[wahamiaji]] (21-33% za wakazi wote), wasiweze kujenga [[maabadi]] wala kufanya [[ibada]] za pamoja, hata kama ni ndani ya nyumba zao, walau mpaka mwaka [[2018]].

[[Picha:Sa-map.png]]

== Tazama pia ==
* [[Mikoa ya Saudia]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Commons|Category:Saudi Arabia}}
* {{en}} [http://www.saudinf.com/ Tovuti rasmi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.saudinf.com/ |date=20210830121337 }}
* [http://www.saudi.gov.sa/wps/portal/espp Saudi Arabia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.saudi.gov.sa/wps/portal/espp |date=20161120090610 }} ''official government website''
* {{CIA World Factbook link|sa|Saudi Arabia}}
* {{Dmoz|Regional/Middle_East/Saudi_Arabia}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14702705 Saudi Arabia profile] from the [[BBC News]]
* {{Wikiatlas|Saudi Arabia}}
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SA Key Development Forecasts for Saudi Arabia] from [[International Futures]]

{{Asia}}
{{Mbegu-jio-Asia}}

[[Jamii:Saudia| ]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]]
[[Jamii:Maeneo ya Biblia]]
[[Jamii:Mashariki ya Kati]]